diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index df6682cfe6e81f47b71796bd0107a7b011efb0e5..27fe0b93fa19c8dd5d819eec40f0480a24364095 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -3,19 +3,14 @@
.RData
.Ruserdata
-NAMESPACE
-
*.o
src/onlineforecast\.so
-inst/doc
modifications_old_notstaged/
cache/
-man/
-
misc-R/*cache*
vignettes/*cache*
diff --git a/NAMESPACE b/NAMESPACE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8cdc590471f423d4a90d08079eff3579ffabce87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/NAMESPACE
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+
+S3method("==",data.list)
+S3method(as.data.frame,data.list)
+S3method(as.data.list,data.frame)
+S3method(aslt,POSIXct)
+S3method(aslt,POSIXlt)
+S3method(aslt,character)
+S3method(aslt,numeric)
+S3method(check,data.list)
+S3method(complete_cases,data.frame)
+S3method(complete_cases,list)
+S3method(ct,POSIXct)
+S3method(ct,POSIXlt)
+S3method(ct,character)
+S3method(ct,numeric)
+S3method(lagdf,character)
+S3method(lagdf,data.frame)
+S3method(lagdf,factor)
+S3method(lagdf,logical)
+S3method(lagdf,matrix)
+S3method(lagdf,numeric)
+S3method(pairs,data.list)
+S3method(plot_ts,data.frame)
+S3method(plot_ts,data.list)
+S3method(plot_ts,matrix)
+S3method(plot_ts,rls_fit)
+S3method(plotly_ts,data.frame)
+S3method(plotly_ts,data.list)
+S3method(print,forecastmodel)
+S3method(resample,data.frame)
+S3method(residuals,data.frame)
+S3method(residuals,forecastmodel_fit)
+S3method(residuals,list)
+S3method(residuals,matrix)
+S3method(score,data.frame)
+S3method(score,list)
+S3method(subset,data.list)
+S3method(summary,rls_fit)
+export("%**%")
+export("nams<-")
+export(AR)
+export(as.data.list)
+export(aslt)
+export(bspline)
+export(cache_name)
+export(cache_save)
+export(check)
+export(complete_cases)
+export(ct)
+export(data.list)
+export(forecastmodel)
+export(fs)
+export(getse)
+export(gof)
+export(in_range)
+export(lagdf)
+export(lagdl)
+export(lagvec)
+export(lapply_cbind)
+export(lapply_cbind_df)
+export(lapply_rbind)
+export(lapply_rbind_df)
+export(lm_fit)
+export(lm_optim)
+export(lm_predict)
+export(long_format)
+export(lp)
+export(make_input)
+export(make_periodic)
+export(make_tday)
+export(nams)
+export(one)
+export(par_ts)
+export(pbspline)
+export(persistence)
+export(plot_ts)
+export(plotly_ts)
+export(pst)
+export(resample)
+export(rls_fit)
+export(rls_optim)
+export(rls_predict)
+export(rls_prm)
+export(rls_summary)
+export(rls_update)
+export(rmse)
+export(score)
+export(setpar)
+export(stairs)
+export(step_optim)
+importFrom(Rcpp,sourceCpp)
+importFrom(grDevices,colorRampPalette)
+importFrom(grDevices,graphics.off)
+importFrom(graphics,axis)
+importFrom(graphics,axis.POSIXct)
+importFrom(graphics,legend)
+importFrom(graphics,lines)
+importFrom(graphics,mtext)
+importFrom(graphics,pairs)
+importFrom(graphics,panel.smooth)
+importFrom(graphics,par)
+importFrom(graphics,plot)
+importFrom(graphics,points)
+importFrom(graphics,title)
+importFrom(parallel,mclapply)
+importFrom(stats,aggregate)
+importFrom(stats,complete.cases)
+importFrom(stats,lm)
+importFrom(stats,optim)
+importFrom(stats,predict)
+importFrom(stats,residuals)
+importFrom(stats,sd)
+useDynLib(onlineforecast)
diff --git a/man/AR.Rd b/man/AR.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..251c3b23fd6a02063446ebde2c2f4c91b2ce76e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/AR.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/AR.R
+\name{AR}
+\alias{AR}
+\title{Auto-Regressive (AR) input}
+\usage{
+AR(lags)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{lags}{integer vector: The lags of the AR to include.}
+}
+\value{
+A list of matrices, one for each lag in lags, each with columns according to model$kseq.
+}
+\description{
+Generate auto-regressive (AR) inputs in a model
+}
+\details{
+The AR function can be used in an onlineforecast model formulation. It
+creates the input matrices for including AR inputs in a model during the
+transformation stage. It takes the values from the model output in the provided data
+does the needed lagging.
+
+The lags must be given according to the one-step ahead model, e.g.:
+
+\code{AR(lags=c(0,1))} will give: Y_{t+1|t} = \eqn{\phi_1} y_{t-0} + \eqn{\phi_2} y_{t-1} + \eqn{\epsilon}_{t+1}
+
+and:
+
+\code{AR(lags=c(0,3,12))} will give: Y_{t+1|t} = \eqn{\phi}_1 y_{t-0} + \eqn{\phi}_2 y_{t-3} + \eqn{\phi}_3 y_{t-12} + \eqn{\epsilon}_{t+1}
+
+Note, that
+
+For k>1 the coefficients will be fitted individually for each horizon, e.g.:
+
+\code{AR(lags=c(0,1))} will be the multi-step AR: Y_{t+k|t} = \eqn{\phi}_{1,k} y_{t-0} + \eqn{\phi}_{2,k} y_{t-1} + \eqn{\epsilon}_{t+k|t}
+
+See the details in ??(ref til vignette).
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Setup data and a model for the example
+D <- Dbuilding
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$output = "heatload"
+# Use the AR in the transformation stage
+model$add_inputs(AR = "AR(c(0,1))")
+# Regression parameters
+model$add_regprm("rls_prm(lambda=0.9)")
+# kseq must be added
+model$kseq <- 1:4
+# In the transformation stage the AR input will be generated
+# See that it generates two input matrices, simply with the lagged heat load at t for every k
+model$transform_data(subset(D, 1:10))
+
+# Fit with recursive least squares (no parameters prm in the model)
+fit <- rls_fit(c(lambda=0.99), model, D, returnanalysis=TRUE)
+
+# Plot the result, see "?plot_ts.rls_fit"
+plot_ts(fit, xlim=c(ct("2010-12-20"),max(D$t)))
+# Plot for a short period with peaks
+plot_ts(fit, xlim=c("2011-01-05","2011-01-07"))
+
+# For online updating, see ??ref{vignette, not yet available}:
+# the needed lagged output values are stored in the model for next time new data is available
+model$yAR
+# The maximum lag needed is also kept
+model$maxlagAR
+
+}
diff --git a/man/Dbuilding.Rd b/man/Dbuilding.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..666d466906c49b11eddb38194d226c34557df2d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/Dbuilding.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/data.R
+\docType{data}
+\name{Dbuilding}
+\alias{Dbuilding}
+\title{Observations and weather forecasts from a single-family building, weather station and Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI)}
+\format{
+A data list with 1854 rows and 7 variables:
+\describe{
+ \item{t}{Time in GMT as POSIXct}
+ \item{heatload}{The heatload of a single family building in W}
+ \item{heatloadtotal}{The average heatload of a 16 single family buildings in W}
+ \item{Taobs}{Observed ambient temperature at the weather station in Celcius}
+ \item{Iobs}{Observed global radiation at the weather station in W/m^2}
+ \item{Ta}{Weather forecasts of ambient temperature up to 36 hours ahead from DMI in Celcius}
+ \item{Ta}{Weather forecasts of global radiation up to 36 hours ahead from DMI in W/m^2}
+}
+}
+\source{
+See \url{https://onlineforecasting.org/examples/datasets.html}.
+}
+\usage{
+Dbuilding
+}
+\description{
+Data of the period from 2010-12-15 to 2011-03-01. The weather station was located within a range of 10 km from the building.
+}
+\details{
+Hourly average values. The time point is set in the end of the hour.
+
+Set in the format of a data.list used as input to forecast models in the onlineforecast package.
+}
+\keyword{datasets}
diff --git a/man/as.data.frame.data.list.Rd b/man/as.data.frame.data.list.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b3e712f02743049a679b6a097746714ddbb0181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/as.data.frame.data.list.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/data.list.R
+\name{as.data.frame.data.list}
+\alias{as.data.frame.data.list}
+\title{Convert to data.frame}
+\usage{
+\method{as.data.frame}{data.list}(x, row.names = NULL, optional = FALSE, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{The data.list to be converted.}
+
+\item{row.names}{Not used.}
+
+\item{optional}{Not used.}
+
+\item{...}{Not used.}
+}
+\value{
+A data.frame
+}
+\description{
+Converts a data.list to a data.frame.
+}
+\details{
+The forecasts in the data.list will result in columns named \code{varname.kxx} in the data.frame.
+}
+\examples{
+
+#' # Use the data.list with building heat load
+D <- Dbuilding
+# Take a subset
+D <- subset(D, 1:5, nms=c("t","Taobs","Ta","Iobs","I"), kseq=1:3)
+
+# Convert to a data.frame, note the names of the forecasts are appended .kxx (i.e. for Ta and I)
+as.data.frame(D)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/as.data.list.Rd b/man/as.data.list.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14c29280e47b5f0b6ffadc4fe7b83652ee5262cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/as.data.list.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/as.data.list.R
+\name{as.data.list}
+\alias{as.data.list}
+\alias{as.data.list.data.frame}
+\title{Convert to data.list class}
+\usage{
+as.data.list(object)
+
+\method{as.data.list}{data.frame}(object)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{The data.frame to be converted.}
+}
+\value{
+a value of class data.list
+
+a data.list
+}
+\description{
+These functions will convert the object into a data.list.
+
+Convert a data.frame into a data.list
+}
+\details{
+A data.list is simply a list of vectors and data.frames. For the use in the
+onlineforecast package the following format must be kept:
+
+ - t: A vector of time.
+
+ - vectors with same length as t: Holds observations and values synced to time t.
+
+ - data.frames with number of rows as time t: Holds forecasts in each column named by \code{kxx} where \code{xx} is the
+ horizon, e.g. \code{k0} is synced as observations, and \code{k1} is one-step ahead.
+
+The convention is that columns with forecasts are postfixed with \code{.kxx} where
+\code{xx} is the horizon. See the examples.
+}
+\examples{
+# Convert a dataframe with time and two observed variables
+X <- data.frame(t=1:10, x=1:10, y=1:10)
+as.data.list(X)
+
+# Convert a dataframe with time, forecast and an observed variable
+X <- data.frame(t=1:10, x.k1=1:10, x.k2=10:1, yobs=1:10, y.k1=1:10, y.k2=1:10)
+as.data.list(X)
+
+# Can be converted back and forth
+X
+as.data.frame(as.data.list(X))
+
+}
+\seealso{
+\code{For specific detailed info see the children, e.g. \link{onlinefocast:::as.data.list.data.frame} }
+
+as.data.list
+}
diff --git a/man/aslt.Rd b/man/aslt.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa86128e6723d279ce67a15b92c992a767d573a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/aslt.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/aslt.R
+\name{aslt}
+\alias{aslt}
+\alias{aslt.character}
+\alias{aslt.POSIXct}
+\alias{aslt.POSIXlt}
+\alias{aslt.numeric}
+\title{Convertion to POSIXlt}
+\usage{
+aslt(object, ...)
+
+\method{aslt}{character}(object, tz = "GMT", ...)
+
+\method{aslt}{POSIXct}(object, tz = NA, ...)
+
+\method{aslt}{POSIXlt}(object, tz = NA, ...)
+
+\method{aslt}{numeric}(object, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{The character, POSIXct, POSIClt, or numeric which is converted to POSIXct.}
+
+\item{...}{Arguments to be passed to methods.}
+
+\item{tz}{Timezone. If set, then the time zone will be changed of the object.}
+}
+\value{
+An object of class POSIXlt
+}
+\description{
+The argument is converted into POSIXlt with tz="GMT".
+}
+\section{Methods}{
+
+#' @examples
+
+# Create a POSIXlt with tz="GMT"
+aslt("2019-01-01")
+class(aslt("2019-01-01"))
+aslt("2019-01-01 01:00:05")
+
+# Convert between time zones
+x <- aslt("2019-01-01", tz="CET")
+aslt(x,tz="GMT")
+
+# To seconds and back again
+aslt(as.numeric(x, units="sec"))
+
+
+ - aslt.character: Simply a wrapper for \code{as.POSIXlt}
+
+
+ - aslt.POSIXct: Converts to POSIXct.
+
+
+ - aslt.POSIXlt: Changes the time zone of the object if tz is given.
+
+
+ - aslt.numeric: Converts from UNIX time in seconds to POSIXlt.
+}
+
diff --git a/man/bs.Rd b/man/bs.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1356ccfede1417905e4bf8a09d3d00165205e543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/bs.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/bspline.R
+\name{bspline}
+\alias{bspline}
+\title{Compute base splines of a variable using the R function \code{splines::bs}, use in the transform stage.}
+\usage{
+bspline(
+ X,
+ Boundary.knots = NA,
+ intercept = FALSE,
+ df = NULL,
+ knots = NULL,
+ degree = 3,
+ bknots = NA,
+ periodic = FALSE
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{X}{data.frame (as part of data.list) with horizons as columns named \code{kxx} (i.e. one for each horizon)}
+
+\item{Boundary.knots}{The value is NA: then the boundaries are set to the range of each horizons (columns in X). See \code{?splines::bs}}
+
+\item{intercept}{See \code{?splines::bs}.}
+
+\item{df}{See \code{?splines::bs}}
+
+\item{knots}{See \code{?splines::bs}}
+
+\item{degree}{See \code{?splines::bs}}
+
+\item{bknots}{Is just a short for Boundary.knots and replace Boundary.knots (if Boundary.knots is not given)}
+
+\item{periodic}{Default FALSE. If TRUE, then \code{pbs::pbs} is called and periodic splines are generated.}
+}
+\value{
+List of data frames with the computed base splines, each with columns for the same horizons as in X
+}
+\description{
+Simply wraps the \code{splines::bs}, such that it can be used in the transformation stage.
+}
+\details{
+See the help for all arguments with \code{?splines::bs}. NOTE that two arguments have different default values.
+
+See the example \url{https://onlineforecasting.org/examples/solar-power-forecasting.html} where the function is used in a model.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# How to make a diurnal curve using splines
+ # Select first 54 hours from the load data
+ D <- subset(Dbuilding, 1:76, kseq=1:4)
+ # Make the hour of the day as a forecast input
+ D$tday <- make_tday(D$t, kseq=1:4)
+ D$tday
+
+ # Calculate the base splines for each column in tday
+ L <- bspline(D$tday)
+
+ # Now L holds a data.frame for each base spline
+ str(L)
+ # Hence this will result in four inputs for the regression model
+
+ # Plot (note that the splines period starts at tday=0)
+ plot(D$t, L$bs1$k1, type="s")
+ for(i in 2:length(L)){
+ lines(D$t, L[[i]]$k1, col=i, type="s")
+ }
+
+ # In a model formulation it will be:
+ model <- forecastmodel$new()
+ model$add_inputs(mutday = "bspline(tday)")
+ # Such that at the transform stage will give the same as above
+ model$transform_data(D)
+
+# Periodic splines are useful for modelling a diurnal harmonical functions
+L <- bspline(D$tday, bknots=c(0,24), df=4, periodic=TRUE)
+# or
+L <- pbspline(D$tday, bknots=c(0,24), df=4)
+# Note, how it has to have high enough df, else it generates an error
+
+# Plot
+plot(D$t, L$bs1$k1, type="s")
+for(i in 2:length(L)){
+ lines(D$t, L[[i]]$k1, col=i, type="s")
+}
+
+}
+\seealso{
+Other Transform stage functions:
+\code{\link{pbspline}()}
+}
+\concept{Transform stage functions}
diff --git a/man/cache_name.Rd b/man/cache_name.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84e82bb1d9a3de708f2736d73bc16f7de695b102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cache_name.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/cache_name.R
+\name{cache_name}
+\alias{cache_name}
+\title{Generation of a name for a cache file for the value of a function.}
+\usage{
+cache_name(..., cachedir = "cache")
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{...}{The objects from which to calculate cache file name.
+If no objects given, then all the objects of the calling function are used for generating the checksum for the file name.}
+
+\item{cachedir}{Path for saving the cache, i.e. prefixed to the generated name, remember to end with '/' to make a directory.}
+}
+\value{
+A generated cache file name.
+}
+\description{
+Caching of the value returned by a function
+}
+\details{
+Use it in the beginning of a function, which runs a time consuming calculation, like fitting a model using optimization.
+
+It makes a cache name, which can be used to save a unique cache file (see \code{\link{cache_save}()}).
+
+The \code{cache_name} function must receive all the objects (in \code{...}) which influence the value of the function. It simply calculates a checksum using the \code{digest} package.
+
+Further, it finds the name of the calling function and its definition, such that if anything changes in the function definition, then the cache file name changes too.
+}
+\examples{
+# A function for demonstrating the using caching
+fun <- function(x, y){
+ # Generate the cache name (no argument given, so both x and y is used)
+ nm <- cache_name(cachedir=cachedir)
+ # If the result is cached, then just return it
+ if(file.exists(nm)){ return(readRDS(nm)) }
+ # Do the calculation
+ res <- x^2 + y + 1
+ # Wait 1 sec
+ Sys.sleep(1)
+ # Save for cache
+ cache_save(res, nm)
+ # Return
+ return(res)
+}
+
+# For this example use a temporary directory
+# In real use this should not be temporary! (changes between R sessions with tempdir())
+cachedir <- tempdir()
+
+# Uncomment to run:
+# First time it takes at least 1 sec.
+#fun(x=2,y=2)
+# Second time it loads the cache and is much faster
+#fun(x=2,y=2)
+# Try changing the arguments (x,y) and run again
+
+# See the cache file(s)
+#dir(cachedir)
+# Delete the cache folder
+#unlink(cachedir, recursive=TRUE)
+
+# Demonstrate how cache_name() is functioning
+# Cache using the all objects given in the function calling, i.e. both x and y
+fun <- function(x,y){
+ x^2 + y + 1
+ return(cache_name())
+}
+# These are the same (same values)
+fun(x=1,y=2)
+fun(1,2)
+fun(y=2,x=1)
+# But this one is different
+fun(x=2,y=1)
+
+# Test: cache using the values specified in the cache_name call
+fun2 <- function(x,y){
+ x^2 + y + 1
+ return(cache_name(x))
+}
+
+# So now its only the x value that change the name
+fun2(1,2)
+fun2(1,3)
+# But this one is different
+fun2(3,3)
+# And the function named changed the name
+
+}
diff --git a/man/cache_save.Rd b/man/cache_save.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23cbcaafa42f4fc6e5cd789ff2febfe087c9dee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/cache_save.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/cache_save.R
+\name{cache_save}
+\alias{cache_save}
+\title{Save a cache file (name generated with \code{code_name()}}
+\usage{
+cache_save(object, filename)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{The object to cache (i.e. the value of the evaluating function).}
+
+\item{filename}{The cache file name (i.e. use the one generated by cache_name, see examples).}
+}
+\description{
+Saves the object as an .RDS file with the filename
+}
+\details{
+See the examples for \code{\link{cache_name}()}.
+}
diff --git a/man/check.Rd b/man/check.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50f6de5cbd6f72bd3f448fa524346f86ea9d6083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/check.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/data.list.R
+\name{check}
+\alias{check}
+\title{Checking the object for appropriate form.}
+\usage{
+check(object)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{The object to be checked.}
+}
+\value{
+The tables generated.
+
+# Check a data.list (see \code{?\link{check.data.list}})
+check(Dbuilding)
+}
+\description{
+Checking the object for appropriate form.
+}
+\details{
+Prints on table form the result of the check.
+}
diff --git a/man/check.data.list.Rd b/man/check.data.list.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..765165402045babc53bdf564b2b1cabfd3319f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/check.data.list.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/data.list.R
+\name{check.data.list}
+\alias{check.data.list}
+\title{Checking the data.list for appropriate form.}
+\usage{
+\method{check}{data.list}(object)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{The object to be checked.}
+}
+\value{
+The tables generated.
+
+# Check a data.list (see \code{?\link{check.data.list}})
+check(Dbuilding)
+
+# Vector with observations not same length as t
+D <- Dbuilding
+D$heatload <- D$heatload[1:10]
+check(D)
+
+# Some NAs in k1 forecast
+D <- Dbuilding
+D$Ta$k1[1:1500] <- NA
+check(D)
+
+# Wrong column names
+names(D$Ta)
+}
+\description{
+Checking the data.list for appropriate form.
+}
+\details{
+Prints a check of the time vector t, which must have equidistant time points and no NAs.
+
+Then the results of checking vectors (observations):
+ - ok: A 'V' indicates a successful check
+ - maxNAs: Proportion of NAs
+ - length: printed if not the same as the 't' vector
+ - class: the class
+
+Then the results of checking data.frames and matrices (forecasts):
+ - ok: a 'V' indicates a successful check
+ - maxNAs: the proportion of NAs for the horizon (i.e. column) with the highest proportion of NAs
+ - meanNAs: the proportion of NAs of the entire data.frame
+ - nrow: printed if not the same as the 't' vector length
+ - colnames: columns must be names 'kxx', where 'xx' is the horizon
+ - sameclass: 'X' if not all columns are the same class
+ - class: prints the class of the columns if they are all the same
+}
diff --git a/man/complete_cases.Rd b/man/complete_cases.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a53bb6c4dd6a4e47b95c38961b5875af4a3cd0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/complete_cases.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/complete_cases.R
+\name{complete_cases}
+\alias{complete_cases}
+\alias{complete_cases.list}
+\alias{complete_cases.data.frame}
+\title{Find complete cases in forecast matrices}
+\usage{
+complete_cases(object, kseq = NA)
+
+\method{complete_cases}{list}(object, kseq = NA)
+
+\method{complete_cases}{data.frame}(object, kseq = NA)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{A data.frame (with columns named 'kxx') or a list of
+data.frames.}
+
+\item{kseq}{integer vector: If given then only these horizons are processed.}
+}
+\value{
+A logical vector specifying if there is no missing
+ values across all horizonsd.
+}
+\description{
+Returns a logical vector indicating the time points which
+}
+\details{
+Given a forecast matrix the forecasts are lagged "+k" steps to align them and
+then 'complete.cases()' is run on that .
+
+Gieven a list of forecast matrices the points where all are complete (also all horizons) are complete are TRUE.
+}
+\examples{
+# Take a small data set
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, 1:20, kseq=1:5)
+# Check the forecast matrix of ambient temperature
+D$Ta
+# Which are complete over all horizons? The first are not since not all horizons
+# have a value there (after lagging)
+complete_cases(D$Ta)
+# Same goes if given as a list
+complete_cases(D["Ta"])
+# and if more than one is given
+complete_cases(D[c("Ta","I")])
+
+# Set some NA of some horizon
+D$I$k3[8:9] <- NA
+# Now they are recognized as not complete
+complete_cases(D[c("Ta","I")])
+
+# If we deal with residuals, which are observations and there for have column names "hxx"
+Resid <- residuals(D$Ta, D$Taobs)
+names(Resid)
+# With columns with "h" instead of "k" no lagging occurs in complete_cases
+complete_cases(Resid)
+#
+Resid2 <- Resid
+Resid$h3[8:9] <- NA
+complete_cases(list(Resid,Resid2))
+
+}
+\author{
+Peder Bacher
+}
diff --git a/man/ct.Rd b/man/ct.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5783673fc658d0de2fdf28d0aaa3fa2ff3c33915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/ct.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/ct.R
+\name{ct}
+\alias{ct}
+\alias{ct.character}
+\alias{ct.POSIXct}
+\alias{ct.POSIXlt}
+\alias{ct.numeric}
+\title{Convertion to POSIXct}
+\usage{
+ct(object, ...)
+
+\method{ct}{character}(object, tz = "GMT", ...)
+
+\method{ct}{POSIXct}(object, tz = NA, duplicatedadd = NA, ...)
+
+\method{ct}{POSIXlt}(object, tz = NA, duplicatedadd = NA, ...)
+
+\method{ct}{numeric}(object, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{The object to convert can be: character, numeric, POSIXct or POSIXlt}
+
+\item{...}{Arguments to be passed to methods.}
+
+\item{tz}{Timezone. If set, then the time zone will be changed of the object.}
+
+\item{duplicatedadd}{Seconds to be added to duplicated time stamps, to mitigate the problem of duplicated timestamps at the shift to winter time. So the second time a time stamp occurs (identified with \code{duplicated}) then the seconds will be added.}
+}
+\value{
+An object of class POSIXct
+}
+\description{
+The object is converted into POSIXct with tz="GMT".
+}
+\details{
+A simple helper, which wraps \code{\link{as.POSIXct}}` and sets the time zone to "GMT" per default.
+}
+\section{Methods}{
+
+
+
+ - ct.character: Simply a wrapper for \code{as.POSIXct} with default \code{tz}
+
+
+ - ct.POSIXct: Changes the time zone of the object if \code{tz} is given.
+
+
+ - ct.POSIXlt: Converts to POSIXct.
+
+
+ - ct.numeric: Converts from UNIX time in seconds to POSIXct with \code{tz} as GMT.
+}
+
+\examples{
+
+
+# Create a POSIXct with tz="GMT"
+ct("2019-01-01")
+class(ct("2019-01-01"))
+ct("2019-01-01 01:00:05")
+
+
+# Convert to POSIXct
+class(ct(as.POSIXlt("2019-01-01")))
+
+# To seconds and back again
+ct(as.numeric(1000, units="sec"))
+
+
+# --------
+# Convert character of time which has summer time leaps
+# Example from CET (with CEST which is winter time)
+#
+# The point of shifting to and from summer time:
+# DST Start (Clock Forward) DST End (Clock Backward)
+# Sunday, March 31, 02:00 Sunday, October 27, 03:00
+
+# --------
+# From to winter time to summer time
+txt <- c("2019-03-31 01:00",
+ "2019-03-31 01:30",
+ "2019-03-31 03:00",
+ "2019-03-31 03:30")
+x <- ct(txt, tz="CET")
+x
+ct(x, tz="GMT")
+
+# BE AWARE of this conversion of the 02:00: to 02:59:59 (exact time of shift) will lead to a
+# wrong conversion
+txt <- c("2019-03-31 01:30",
+ "2019-03-31 02:00",
+ "2019-03-31 03:30")
+x <- ct(txt, tz="CET")
+x
+ct(x, tz="GMT")
+# Which a diff on the time can detect, since all steps are not equal
+plot(diff(ct(x, tz="GMT")))
+
+# --------
+# Shift to winter time is more problematic
+# It works like this
+txt <- c("2019-10-27 01:30",
+ "2019-10-27 02:00",
+ "2019-10-27 02:30",
+ "2019-10-27 03:00",
+ "2019-10-27 03:30")
+x <- ct(txt, tz="CET")
+x
+ct(x, tz="GMT")
+
+# however, timestamps can be given like this
+txt <- c("2019-10-27 01:30",
+ "2019-10-27 02:00",
+ "2019-10-27 02:30",
+ "2019-10-27 02:00",
+ "2019-10-27 02:30",
+ "2019-10-27 03:00",
+ "2019-10-27 03:30")
+x <- ct(txt, tz="CET")
+x
+ct(x, tz="GMT")
+# Again can be detected, since all steps are not equal
+plot(diff(ct(x, tz="GMT")))
+# This can be fixed by (note that it can go wrong, e.g. with gaps around convertion etc.)
+ct(x, tz="GMT", duplicatedadd=3600)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/data.list.Rd b/man/data.list.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81840c491b023e2b9e48c02be8fcae6162d67802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/data.list.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/data.list.R
+\name{data.list}
+\alias{data.list}
+\title{Make a data.list}
+\usage{
+data.list(...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{...}{Should hold: time t, observations as vectors and forecasts as data.frames}
+}
+\value{
+a data.list.
+}
+\description{
+Make a data.list of the vectors and data.frames given.
+}
+\details{
+See the vignette 'setup-data' on how a data.list must be setup.
+
+It's simply a list of class \code{data.list} holding:
+ - vector \code{t}
+ - vector(s) of observations
+ - data.frames (or matrices) of forecast inputs
+}
+\examples{
+# Put together a data.list
+# The time vector
+time <- seq(ct("2019-01-01"),ct("2019-01-02"),by=3600)
+# Observations time series (as vector)
+xobs <- rnorm(length(time))
+# Forecast input as data.frame
+X <- data.frame(matrix(rnorm(length(time)*3), ncol=3))
+names(X) <- pst("k",1:3)
+
+D <- data.list(t=time, xobs=xobs, X=X)
+
+# Check it
+check(D)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/depth.Rd b/man/depth.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..859ba15d422cd3935fafbae99ae216cbb2f7a383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/depth.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/depth.R
+\name{depth}
+\alias{depth}
+\title{Depth of a list}
+\usage{
+depth(this)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{this}{list}
+}
+\value{
+integer
+}
+\description{
+Depth of a list
+}
+\details{
+Returns the depth of a list
+}
diff --git a/man/equals-.data.list.Rd b/man/equals-.data.list.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c45f61ae4efd6bfdc234accc6a4a5b010e4acb6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/equals-.data.list.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/data.list.R
+\name{==.data.list}
+\alias{==.data.list}
+\title{Determine if two data.lists are identical}
+\usage{
+\method{==}{data.list}(x, y)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{first data.list}
+
+\item{y}{second data.list}
+}
+\value{
+logical
+}
+\description{
+Compare two data.lists
+}
+\details{
+Returns TRUE if the two data.lists are fully identical, so all data, order of variables etc. must be fully identical
+}
+\examples{
+
+Dbuilding == Dbuilding
+
+D <- Dbuilding
+D$Ta$k2[1] <- NA
+Dbuilding == D
+
+D <- Dbuilding
+names(D)[5] <- "I"
+names(D)[6] <- "Ta"
+Dbuilding == D
+
+
+}
diff --git a/man/flattenlist.Rd b/man/flattenlist.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5d1c53fc6508c9137dae976c300171bc548c2a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/flattenlist.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/flattenlist.R
+\name{flattenlist}
+\alias{flattenlist}
+\title{Flattens list}
+\usage{
+flattenlist(x)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{List to flatten.}
+}
+\value{
+A flatten list
+}
+\description{
+Flattens list in a single list of data.frames
+}
+\details{
+Flattens list. Can maybe be made better. It might end up copying data in
+memory!? It might change the order of the elements.
+}
diff --git a/man/forecastmodel.Rd b/man/forecastmodel.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..92b7d88a36a735d143762ed8d7ab3e7494e4f860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/forecastmodel.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/forecastmodel.R-documentation.R
+\name{forecastmodel}
+\alias{forecastmodel}
+\title{Class for forecastmodels}
+\description{
+R6 class for a forecastmodel
+}
+\details{
+This class holds the variables and functions needed for defining and setting up a forecast model - independent of the fitting scheme.
+See the vignettes on how to setup and use a model and the website \url{https://onlineforecasting.org} for more info.
+
+
+
+Holds all the information needed independently of the fitting scheme (e.g. lm_fit or rls_fit), see the fields and functions below.
+
+The fields are separated into:
+ - Fields for setting up the model
+ - Fields used when fitting (e.g. which horizons to fit for is set in \code{kseq}
+
+See the fields description below.
+
+Note, it's an R6 class, hence an object variable is a pointer (reference), which means two important points:
+ - In order to make a copy, the function clone_deep() must be used (usually \code{clone(deep=TRUE)}, but that will end in an infinite loop).
+ - It can be manimulated directly in functions (without return). The code is written such that no external functions manipulate the model object, except for online updating.
+
+For online updating (i.e. receiving new data and updating the fit), then the model definition and the data becomes entangled, since transformation functions like low-pass filtering with \code{\link{lp}()} requires past values.
+See the vignette ??(ref to online vignette, not yet available) and note that \code{\link{rls_fit}()} resets the state, which is also done in all \code{xxx_fit} functions (e.g. \code{\link{rls_fit}}.
+}
+\section{Public fields used for setting up the model}{
+
+
+ - output = NA, character: Name of the output.
+
+ - inputs = list(), add them with add_inputs(): List of inputs (which are R6 objects) (note the "cloning of list of reference objects" issue below in deep_clone function)
+
+ - regprmexpr = NA: The expression (as character) used for generating the regprm, e.g. "\code{\link{rls_prm}()}" for RLS.
+
+ - regprm = list(): Regression parameters calculated by evaluating the \code{regprmexpr}.
+
+ - prmbounds = as.matrix(data.frame(lower=NA, init=NA, upper=NA)): The bounds for optimization of the parameters, e.g. with \code{\link{rls_optim}()}.
+
+ - outputrange = NA, numeric vector of length 2: Limits of the predictions cropped in the range, e.g. outputrange = c(0,Inf) removes all negative output predictions.
+}
+
+\section{Public fields used when the model is fitted}{
+
+
+ - kseq = NA: The horizons to fit for.
+
+ - kseqopt = NA: The horizons to fit for when optimizing.
+
+ - p = NA: The (transformation stage) parameters used for the fit.
+
+ - Lfits = list(): The regression fits, one for each k in kseq (simply a list with the latest fit).
+
+ - datatr = NA: Transformed input data (data.list with all inputs for regression)
+}
+
+\section{Public methods}{
+
+All public functions are described below and in examples a section for each is included:
+}
+
+\section{\code{$new()}}{
+
+Create a new `forecastmodel` object.
+
+Returns a forecastmodel object.
+}
+
+\section{\code{$add_inputs(...)}}{
+
+ Add inputs to the model.
+
+ - \code{...}: The inputs are given as arguments, see examples.
+}
+
+\section{\code{$add_regprm(regprm_expr)}}{
+
+Add expression (as character) which generates regression parameters.
+}
+
+\section{\code{$add_prmbounds(...)}}{
+
+Add the transformation parameters and bounds for optimization.
+}
+
+\section{\code{$get_prmbounds(...)}}{
+
+Get the transformation parameter bounds, used by optimization functions e.g. \code{\link{rls_optim}()}.
+}
+
+\section{\code{$insert_prm(prm)}}{
+
+Insert the transformation parameters prm in the input expressions and regression expressions, and keep them in $prm (simply string manipulation).
+}
+
+\section{\code{$transform_data(data)}}{
+
+Function for transforming the input data to the regression stage input data (see \code{vignette("setup-data", package = "onlineforecast")}).
+}
+
+\section{\code{$reset_state()}}{
+
+Resets the input states and stored data for iterative fitting (datatr rows and yAR) (see ??(ref to online updating vignette, not yet available).
+}
+
+\section{\code{$check(data = NA)}}{
+
+Check if the model is setup correctly.
+}
+
+\examples{
+# New object
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+
+# Print it
+model
+
+
+# Add model inputs
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "lp(Ta)")
+# See it
+model$inputs
+# Update to use no low-pass filter
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "Ta")
+model$inputs
+# Add another
+model$add_inputs(I = "lp(I)")
+model$inputs
+
+# Simply a list, so manipulate directly
+class(model$inputs$Ta)
+model$inputs$Ta$expr <- "lp(Ta, a1=0.9)"
+
+# Add the parameters for the regression stage
+model$add_regprm("rls_prm(lambda=0.99)")
+# The evaluation is a list, which is set in
+model$regprm
+
+
+# Set the lambda to be optimized between 0.9 and 0.999, starting at 0.99
+model$add_prmbounds(lambda = c(0.9, 0.99, 0.999))
+# Note the "__" syntax to set parameters for inputs: "input__prm"
+model$add_prmbounds(Ta__a1 = c(0.8, 0.95, 0.99))
+
+# Get the lower bounds
+model$get_prmbounds("lower")
+
+# Insert the init parameters
+prm <- model$get_prmbounds("init")
+prm
+# Before
+model$inputs$Ta$expr
+# After
+model$insert_prm(prm)
+model$inputs$Ta$expr
+
+# Check if the model is setup and can be used with a given data.list
+# An error is thrown
+try(model$check(Dbuilding))
+# Add the model output
+model$output <- "heatload"
+# Still not error free
+try(model$check(Dbuilding))
+# Add the horizons to fit for
+model$kseq <- 1:4
+# Finally, no errors :)
+model$check(Dbuilding)
+}
diff --git a/man/fs.Rd b/man/fs.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9c35fb9ebab354bb501106c40fa2cfebb45d435
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/fs.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/fs.R
+\name{fs}
+\alias{fs}
+\title{Generation of Fourrier series.}
+\usage{
+fs(X, nharmonics)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{X}{must be a dataframe with columns k1,k2,..., . One period is from 0 to 1
+(so for example if X is hour of day, then divide X by 24 to obtain a daily period).}
+
+\item{nharmonics}{the number of harmonics, so creates double as many inputs! i.e. one sine and one cos for each harmonic.}
+}
+\value{
+Returns a list of dataframes (two for each i in \code{1:nharmonics}) with same number of columns as X.
+}
+\description{
+Function for generating Fourrier series as a function of x E.g. use for
+harmonic functions for modelling the diurnal patterns or for basis functions.
+}
+\examples{
+# Make a data.frame with time of day in hours for different horizons
+tday <- make_tday(seq(ct("2019-01-01"), ct("2019-01-04"), by=3600), kseq=1:5)
+# See whats in it
+str(tday)
+head(tday)
+
+# Now use the function to generate Fourier series
+L <- fs(tday/24, nharmonics=2)
+# See what is in it
+str(L)
+
+# Make a plot to see the harmonics
+par(mfrow=c(2,1))
+# The first harmonic
+plot(L$sin1$k1, type="l")
+lines(L$cos1$k1, type="l")
+# The second harmonic
+plot(L$sin2$k1, type="l")
+lines(L$cos2$k1, type="l")
+
+
+}
diff --git a/man/getse.Rd b/man/getse.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4d3b22bac6b95caff9b2a640cf7131c12ce0195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/getse.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/getse.R
+\name{getse}
+\alias{getse}
+\title{Getting subelement from list.}
+\usage{
+getse(L, inm = NA, depth = 2, useregex = FALSE, fun = NA)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{L}{The list to get sub elements from.}
+
+\item{inm}{Either an integer index or a name of the subelements to return.}
+
+\item{depth}{The depth of the subelements to match names in:
+- 1: is directly in the list.
+- 2: is in list of each element in the list.
+- 3 and more: simply deeper in the sublists.}
+
+\item{useregex}{logical: should inm be used as regex pattern for returning elements matching, in the specified layer.}
+
+\item{fun}{function: if given, then it will be applied to all the matched subelements before returning them.}
+}
+\value{
+A list of the matched elements.
+}
+\description{
+A helping function for getting subelemlts from a list.
+}
+\details{
+Often it is needed to get a subelement from a list, which can be done using lapply.
+But to make life easiere here is a small function for getting subelements in a nested list at a certain debth.
+}
+\examples{
+# Make a nested list
+L <- list(x1=list(x=list("val11","val112"),
+ y=list("val12"),
+ test=list("testlist2")),
+ x2=list(x=list("val21","val212"),
+ y=list("val22"),
+ test=list("testlist2")),
+ x3=list(x=list("val31","val312"),
+ y=list("val32"),
+ test=list("testlist3")))
+
+# Get the subelement "x1"
+str(getse(L, "x1", depth=1))
+# Same as
+str(L[["x1"]])
+
+# Get the element named x in second layer
+str(getse(L, "x", depth=2))
+# Depth is default to 2
+str(getse(L, "y"))
+
+# Nice when splitting string
+x <- strsplit(c("x.k1","y.k2"), "\\\\.")
+# Get all before the split "\\."
+getse(x, 1)
+# Get after
+getse(x, 2)
+
+# Get an element with an integer index
+x <- strsplit(c("x.k1","y.k2","x2"), "\\\\.")
+getse(x, 1)
+# if the element is not there, then an error is thrown
+try(getse(x, 2))
+
+# Use regex pattern for returning elements matching in the specified layer
+getse(L, "^te", depth=2, useregex=TRUE)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/gof.Rd b/man/gof.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5432bba065f02e98b4aa78d77448b74fa74094d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/gof.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/gof.R
+\name{gof}
+\alias{gof}
+\title{Simple wrapper for graphics.off()}
+\usage{
+gof()
+}
+\description{
+Simple wrapper for graphics.off()
+}
diff --git a/man/grapes-times-times-grapes.Rd b/man/grapes-times-times-grapes.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aad3f991e6a47d5fed89f588ed477dee99574f3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/grapes-times-times-grapes.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/operator_multiply.R
+\name{\%**\%}
+\alias{\%**\%}
+\title{Multiplication of list with y, elementwise}
+\usage{
+x \%**\% y
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{a list of matrices, data.frames, etc.}
+
+\item{y}{a vector, data.frame or matrix}
+}
+\value{
+A list of same length of x
+}
+\description{
+Multiplication of each element in a list (x) with y
+}
+\details{
+Each element of x is multiplied with y using the usual elementwise '*' operator.
+
+Typical use is when a function, e.g. \code{\link{bspline}()}, returns a list of matrices (e.g. one for each base spline) and they should individually be multiplied with y (a vector, matrix, etc.).
+
+Since this is intended to be used for forecast models in the transformation stage
+then there are some percularities:
+
+If the number of columns or the names of the columns are not equal for one element in x
+and y, then only the columns with same names are used, hence the resulting matrices can be
+of lower dimensions.
+
+See the example \url{https://onlineforecasting.org/examples/solar-power-forecasting.html} where the operator is used.
+}
+\examples{
+
+x <- list(matrix(1:9,3), matrix(9:1,3))
+x
+
+y <- matrix(2,3,3)
+y
+
+x \%**\% y
+
+y <- 1:3
+
+x \%**\% y
+
+# Naming percularity
+nams(x[[1]]) <- c("k1","k2","k3")
+nams(x[[2]]) <- c("k2","k3","k4")
+y <- matrix(2,3,3)
+nams(y) <- c("k1","k3","k7")
+
+# Now the only the horizons matching will be used
+x \%**\% y
+
+}
diff --git a/man/in_range.Rd b/man/in_range.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..658c200cea1dc1841fdb171bc2fbe16f12a3cc7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/in_range.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/in_range.R
+\name{in_range}
+\alias{in_range}
+\title{Selects a period}
+\usage{
+in_range(tstart, time, tend = NA)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{tstart}{The start of the period.}
+
+\item{time}{The timestamps as POSIX.}
+
+\item{tend}{The end of the period. If not given then the period will have no end.}
+
+\item{timezone}{The timezone of the timestamps, time.}
+}
+\value{
+A logical vector indicating the selected period with TRUE
+}
+\description{
+Returns a logical vector of boolean values where TRUE indicates if timestamp is within the
+specified period.
+}
+\details{
+Returns a logical vector of boolean values where TRUE indicates if timestamp is within the
+specified period spanned by tstart and tend.
+
+Note the convention of time stamp in the end of the time intervals causes the time point
+which equals \code{tstart} not to be included. See last example.
+
+The times can be given as character or POSIX, per default in tz='GMT'.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Take a subset
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-01-01"))
+
+# Just a logical returning TRUE in a specified period
+in_range("2010-12-20", D$t, "2010-12-22")
+
+# Set which period to evaluate when optimizing parameters, like in rls_optim()
+# (the points with scoreperiod == false are not included in the score evaluation)
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-20", D$t)
+D$scoreperiod
+
+# Further, excluding a small period by
+D$scoreperiod[in_range("2010-12-26", D$t, "2010-12-27")] <- FALSE
+D$scoreperiod
+
+# Note the convention of time stamp in the end of the time intervals
+# causes the point with t = 2010-12-26 00:00:00 not to be included
+# since it's covering to "2010-12-25 23:00:00" to "2010-12-26 00:00:00"
+D$t[in_range("2010-12-26", D$t, "2010-12-27")]
+
+# When characters are given, then they are translated to the time zone of the time vector
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2010-12-16"))
+D$t <- ct(D$t, tz="CET")
+D$t[in_range("2010-12-15 02:00", D$t, "2010-12-15 05:00")]
+
+}
diff --git a/man/input_class.Rd b/man/input_class.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33d459bf0c59ec20f8d96ad85a923e162915d1e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/input_class.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/input_class.R-documentation.R
+\name{input_class}
+\alias{input_class}
+\title{Class for forecastmodel inputs}
+\description{
+R6 class for for forecastmodel inputs
+}
+\details{
+Holds variables and functions needed for an input, as added by \code{\link{forecastmodel}$add_inputs()}.
+
+
+Details of the class.
+}
+\section{Public fields}{
+
+
+ - expr = NA: The expression as string for transforming the input.
+
+ - state_L = list(): The list holding potential state values kept by the function evaluated in the expression.
+
+ - state_i = integer(1): index counter for the state list.
+}
+
+\section{Public methods}{
+
+All public functions are described below and in examples a section for each is included:
+}
+
+\section{\code{$new(expr)}}{
+
+Create a new input with the expression \code{expr}.
+}
+
+\section{\code{$evaluate(data}}{
+
+Generate (transform) the input by evaluating the expr with the \code{data} (data.list) attached.
+}
+
+\section{\code{$state_reset()}}{
+
+Each function in the expressions (lp, fs, etc.) have the possibility to save a state, which can be read next time the are called.
+
+Reset the state by deleting \code{state_L} and setting \code{state_i} to 0.
+
+
+# After running
+model$inputs[[1]]$evaluate(D)
+# the lp() has saved it's state for next time
+model$inputs[[1]]$state_L
+# New data arrives
+Dnew <- subset(Dbuilding, 11, kseq=1:4)
+# So in lp() the state is read and it continues
+model$inputs[[1]]$evaluate(Dnew)
+
+# If we want to reset the state, which is done in all _fit() functions (e.g. rls_fit), such that all transformations starts from scratch
+# Reset the state
+model$inputs[[1]]$evaluate(D)
+# Test resetting
+model$inputs[[1]]$state_reset()
+# Now there is no state
+model$inputs[[1]]$evaluate(Dnew)
+# So lp() starts by taking the first data point
+Dnew$Ta
+}
+
+\section{\code{$state_getval(initval)}}{
+
+Get the saved value in state. This function can be used in the beginning of transformation functions to get the current state value.
+First time called return the \code{initval}.
+
+Note that since all transformation functions are called in the same order,
+then the state can be read and saved by keeping a counter internally, the value is saved in the field $state_i.
+
+See example of use in \code{\link{lp}()}.
+}
+
+\section{\code{$state_setval(val)}}{
+
+Set the state value, done in the end of a transformation function, see above.
+
+See example of use in \code{\link{lp}()}.
+}
+
+\examples{
+# new:
+
+# An input is created in a forecastmodel
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "lp(Ta, a1=0.9)")
+# The 'inputs' is now a list
+model$inputs
+# With the input object
+class(model$inputs[[1]])
+
+# Now the transformation stage can be carried out to create the regression stage data
+# Take a data.list subset for the example
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, 1:10, kseq=1:4)
+# Transform the data
+model$inputs[[1]]$evaluate(D)
+# What happens is simply that the expression is evaluated with the data
+# (Note that since not done in the model some functions are missing)
+eval(parse(text=model$inputs[[1]]$expr), D)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/lagdf.Rd b/man/lagdf.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a072d02c737abdebae65a12f312e0c48ec0a82f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lagdf.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lagdf.R
+\name{lagdf}
+\alias{lagdf}
+\alias{lagdf.data.frame}
+\title{Lagging which returns a data.frame}
+\usage{
+lagdf(x, lagseq)
+
+\method{lagdf}{data.frame}(x, lagseq)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{The data.frame to have columns lagged}
+
+\item{lagseq}{The sequence of lags as an integer. Alternatively, as a character "+k", "-k", "+h" or "-h", e.g. "k12" will with "+k" be lagged 12.}
+}
+\value{
+A data.frame.
+
+A data.frame with columns that are lagged
+}
+\description{
+Lagging by shifting the values back or fourth always returning a data.frame.
+
+Lagging of a data.frame
+}
+\details{
+This function lags (shifts) the values of the vector. A data.frame is always returned with the columns
+as the vectors lagged with the values in lagseq. The column names are set to "kxx", where xx are the lag of the column.
+
+This function lags the columns with the integer values specified with the argument \code{lagseq}.
+}
+\examples{
+# The values are simply shifted
+# Ahead in time
+lagdf(1:10, 3)
+# Back in time
+lagdf(1:10, -3)
+# Works but returns a numric
+lagdf(as.factor(1:10), 3)
+# Works and returns a character
+lagdf(as.character(1:10), 3)
+# Giving several lag values
+lagdf(1:10, c(1:3))
+lagdf(1:10, c(5,3,-1))
+
+# See also how to lag a forecast data.frame with: ?lagdf.data.frame
+
+
+
+# dataframe of forecasts
+X <- data.frame(k1=1:10, k2=1:10, k3=1:10)
+X
+
+# Lag all columns
+lagdf(X, 1)
+\dontshow{if(!all(is.na(lagdf(X, 1)[1, ]))){stop("Lag all columns didn't work")}}
+
+# Lag each column different steps
+lagdf(X, 1:3)
+# Lag each columns with its k value from the column name
+lagdf(X, "+k")
+\dontshow{
+ if(any(lagdf(X, 1:3) != lagdf(X, "+k"),na.rm=TRUE)){stop("Couldn't lag +k")}
+}
+# Also works for columns named hxx
+names(X) <- gsub("k", "h", names(X))
+lagdf(X, "-h")
+
+# If lagseq must have length as columns in X, it doesn't know how to lag and an error is thrown
+try(lagdf(X, 1:2))
+
+\dontshow{
+if(!class(lagdf(data.frame(k1=1:10), 2)) == "data.frame"){stop("Trying to lag data.frame with 1 column, but return is not class data.frame")}
+if(!all(dim(lagdf(data.frame(k1=1:10), "+k")) == c(10,1))){stop("Trying to lag data.frame with 1 column, but return is not class data.frame")}
+}
+
+}
+\seealso{
+\code{\link{lagdf.data.frame}} which is run when \code{x} is a data.frame.
+}
diff --git a/man/lagdl.Rd b/man/lagdl.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7698f34ca5ed01fb10ca8cb55bcf31e366385eba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lagdl.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lagdl.R
+\name{lagdl}
+\alias{lagdl}
+\title{Lagging which returns a data.list}
+\usage{
+lagdl(DL, lagseq)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{DL}{The data.list to be lagged.}
+
+\item{lagseq}{The integer(s) setting the lag steps.}
+}
+\value{
+A data.list.
+}
+\description{
+Lagging by shifting the values back or fourth always returning a data.list.
+}
+\details{
+This function lags (shifts) the values of the vector. A data.list is always returned with each data.frame lagged with \code{lagdf}.
+}
+\examples{
+# The values are simply shifted in each data.frame with lagdf
+
+}
diff --git a/man/lagvec.Rd b/man/lagvec.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2bad3c4b3b88c4ebd4e6bc18acc1c0803490739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lagvec.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lagvec.R
+\name{lagvec}
+\alias{lagvec}
+\title{Lag by shifting}
+\usage{
+lagvec(x, lag)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{The vector to lag}
+
+\item{lag}{(integer) The steps to lag.}
+}
+\value{
+The shifted vector
+}
+\description{
+Lag by shifting the vecter
+}
+\details{
+A positive value of \code{lag} shifts the values to the right in the vector.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# The values are simply shifted
+# Ahead in time
+lagvec(1:10, 3)
+# Back in time
+lagvec(1:10, -3)
+# Works but returns a numric
+lagvec(as.factor(1:10), 3)
+# Works and returns a character
+lagvec(as.character(1:10), 3)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/lapply_cbind.Rd b/man/lapply_cbind.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd57b1d897ad439d3c7b501aaeadeba40b618207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lapply_cbind.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lapply.R
+\name{lapply_cbind}
+\alias{lapply_cbind}
+\title{Helper which does lapply and then cbind}
+\usage{
+lapply_cbind(X, FUN, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{X}{object to apply on}
+
+\item{FUN}{function to apply}
+}
+\description{
+Helper which does lapply and then cbind
+}
diff --git a/man/lapply_cbind_df.Rd b/man/lapply_cbind_df.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b8e5a65d5037304f935647d8b50f3aa37b9a48a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lapply_cbind_df.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lapply.R
+\name{lapply_cbind_df}
+\alias{lapply_cbind_df}
+\title{Helper which does lapply, cbind and then as.data.frame}
+\usage{
+lapply_cbind_df(X, FUN, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{X}{object to apply on}
+
+\item{FUN}{function to apply}
+}
+\description{
+Helper which does lapply, cbind and then as.data.frame
+}
diff --git a/man/lapply_rbind.Rd b/man/lapply_rbind.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4e3939e812ea59b57321d55633cfd4804d87b89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lapply_rbind.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lapply.R
+\name{lapply_rbind}
+\alias{lapply_rbind}
+\title{Helper which does lapply and then rbind}
+\usage{
+lapply_rbind(X, FUN, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{X}{object to apply on}
+
+\item{FUN}{function to apply}
+}
+\description{
+Helper which does lapply and then rbind
+}
diff --git a/man/lapply_rbind_df.Rd b/man/lapply_rbind_df.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83a114a5e8e30b56514ecd0980bdd1f7b1612227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lapply_rbind_df.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lapply.R
+\name{lapply_rbind_df}
+\alias{lapply_rbind_df}
+\title{Helper which does lapply, rbind and then as.data.frame}
+\usage{
+lapply_rbind_df(X, FUN, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{X}{object to apply on}
+
+\item{FUN}{function to apply}
+}
+\description{
+Helper which does lapply, rbind and then as.data.frame
+}
diff --git a/man/lm_fit.Rd b/man/lm_fit.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e7399b147378c3343376e5b4e95656f0244d387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lm_fit.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lm_fit.R
+\name{lm_fit}
+\alias{lm_fit}
+\title{Fit an onlineforecast model with \code{\link{lm}}}
+\usage{
+lm_fit(
+ prm = NA,
+ model,
+ data,
+ scorefun = NA,
+ returnanalysis = TRUE,
+ printout = TRUE
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{prm}{as numeric with the parameters to be used when fitting.}
+
+\item{model}{object of class forecastmodel with the model to be fitted.}
+
+\item{data}{as data.list with the data to fit the model on.}
+
+\item{scorefun}{Optional. If scorefun is given, e.g. \code{\link{rmse}}, then the value of this is also returned.}
+
+\item{returnanalysis}{as logical determining if the analysis should be returned. See below.}
+
+\item{printout}{Defaults to TRUE. Prints the parameters for model.}
+}
+\value{
+Depends on:
+
+ - If \code{returnanalysis} is TRUE a list containing:
+
+ * \code{Yhat}: data.frame with forecasts for \code{model$kseq} horizons.
+
+ * \code{model}: The forecastmodel object cloned deep, so can be modified without changing the original object.
+
+ * \code{data}: data.list with the data used, see examples on how to obtain the transformed data.
+
+ * \code{Lfitval}: a character "Find the fits in model$Lfits", it's a list with the lm fits for each horizon.
+
+ * \code{scoreval}: data.frame with the scorefun result on each horizon (only scoreperiod is included).
+
+ - If \code{returnanalysis} is FALSE (and \code{scorefun} is given): The sum of the score function on all horizons (specified with model$kseq).
+}
+\description{
+Fit a linear regression model given a onlineforecast model, seperately for each prediction horizon
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Take data
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-01-01"))
+D$y <- D$heatload
+# Define a simple model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$output <- "y"
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "lp(Ta, a1=0.9)",
+ mu = "one()")
+
+# Before fitting the model, define which points to include in the evaluation of the score function
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-20", D$t)
+# And the sequence of horizons to fit for
+model$kseq <- 1:6
+
+# Now we can fit the model with RLS and get the model validation analysis data
+fit <- lm_fit(prm=NA, model=model, data=D)
+# What did we get back?
+names(fit)
+class(fit)
+# The one-step forecast
+plot(D$y, type="l")
+lines(lagvec(fit$Yhat$k1,-1), col=2)
+# Get the residuals
+plot(residuals(fit)$h1)
+# Score for each horizon
+score(residuals(fit))
+
+# The lm_fit don't put anything in this field
+fit$Lfitval
+# Find the lm fits here
+model$Lfits
+# See result for k=1 horizon
+summary(model$Lfits$k1)
+# Some diurnal pattern is present
+acf(residuals(fit)$h1, na.action=na.pass, lag.max=96)
+
+# Run with other parameters and return the RMSE
+lm_fit(c(Ta__a1=0.8), model, D, scorefun=rmse, returnanalysis=FALSE)
+lm_fit(c(Ta__a1=0.9), model, D, scorefun=rmse, returnanalysis=FALSE)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/lm_optim.Rd b/man/lm_optim.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..407caa4dafdc7dcfa9f40375230ce91e26bffb0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lm_optim.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lm_optim.R
+\name{lm_optim}
+\alias{lm_optim}
+\title{Optimize parameters for onlineforecast model fitted with LM}
+\usage{
+lm_optim(
+ model,
+ data,
+ kseq = NA,
+ scorefun = rmse,
+ cachedir = "",
+ cachererun = FALSE,
+ printout = TRUE,
+ method = "L-BFGS-B",
+ ...
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{model}{The onlineforecast model, including inputs, output, kseq, p}
+
+\item{data}{The data.list including the variables used in the model.}
+
+\item{kseq}{The horizons to fit for (if not set, then model$kseq is used)}
+
+\item{scorefun}{The function to be score used for calculating the score to be optimized.}
+
+\item{cachedir}{A character specifying the path (and prefix) of the cache file name. If set to \code{""}, then no cache will be loaded or written. See \url{https://onlineforecasting.org/vignettes/nice-tricks.html} for examples.}
+
+\item{cachererun}{A logical controlling whether to run the optimization even if the cache exists.}
+
+\item{printout}{A logical determining if the score function is printed out in each iteration of the optimization.}
+
+\item{method}{The method argument for \code{\link{optim}}.}
+
+\item{...}{Additional parameters to \code{\link{optim}}}
+}
+\value{
+Result object of optim().
+Parameters resulting from the optimization can be found from \code{result$par}
+}
+\description{
+Optimize parameters (transformation stage) of LM model
+}
+\details{
+This is a wrapper for \code{\link{optim}} to enable easy use of bounds and caching in the optimization.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Take data
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-01-01"))
+D$y <- D$heatload
+# Define a simple model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "lp(Ta, a1=0.9)",
+ mu = "one()")
+# Before fitting the model, define which points to include in the evaluation of the score function
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-20", D$t)
+# And the sequence of horizons to fit for
+model$kseq <- 1:6
+
+# Now we can fit the model and get the score, as it is
+lm_fit(model=model, data=D, scorefun=rmse, returnanalysis=FALSE)
+# Or we can change the low-pass filter coefficient
+lm_fit(c(Ta__a1=0.99), model, D, rmse, returnanalysis=FALSE)
+
+# This could be passed to optim() (or any optimizer).
+# See \code{forecastmodel$insert_prm()} for more details.
+optim(c(Ta__a1=0.98), lm_fit, model=model, data=D, scorefun=rmse, returnanalysis=FALSE,
+ lower=c(Ta__a1=0.4), upper=c(Ta__a1=0.999), method="L-BFGS-B")
+
+# lm_optim is simply a helper it makes using bounds easiere and enables caching of the results
+# First add bounds for lambda (lower, init, upper)
+model$add_prmbounds(Ta__a1 = c(0.4, 0.98, 0.999))
+
+# Now the same optimization as above can be done by
+val <- lm_optim(model, D)
+val
+
+
+}
+\seealso{
+\code{link{optim}} for how to control the optimization and \code{\link{rls_optim}} which works very similarly.
+}
diff --git a/man/lm_predict.Rd b/man/lm_predict.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..998f64435c0da0688b2472be897e94a34f4a4d28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lm_predict.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lm_predict.R
+\name{lm_predict}
+\alias{lm_predict}
+\title{Prediction with an lm forecast model.}
+\usage{
+lm_predict(model, datatr)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{model}{Onlineforecast model object which has been fitted.}
+
+\item{datatr}{Transformed data.}
+}
+\value{
+The Yhat forecast matrix with a forecast for each model$kseq and for each time point in \code{datatr$t}.
+}
+\description{
+Use a fitted forecast model to predict its output variable with transformed data.
+}
+\details{
+See the ??ref(recursive updating vignette, not yet available).
+}
+\examples{
+
+
+# Take data
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-01-01"))
+D$y <- D$heatload
+# Define a model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "lp(Ta, a1=0.7)", mu = "one()")
+
+# Before fitting the model, define which points to include in the evaluation of the score function
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-20", D$t)
+# And the sequence of horizons to fit for
+model$kseq <- 1:6
+
+# Transform using the mdoel
+datatr <- model$transform_data(D)
+
+# See the transformed data
+str(datatr)
+
+# The model has not been fitted
+model$Lfits
+
+# To fit
+lm_fit(model=model, data=D)
+
+# Now the fits for each horizon are there (the latest update)
+# For example
+summary(model$Lfits$k1)
+
+# Use the fit for prediction
+D$Yhat <- lm_predict(model, datatr)
+
+# Plot it
+plot_ts(D, c("y|Yhat"), kseq=1)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/long_format.Rd b/man/long_format.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05ff5ae838c7e5c96db50a9d828142b22a09675d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/long_format.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/long_format.R
+\name{long_format}
+\alias{long_format}
+\title{Long format of prediction data.frame}
+\usage{
+long_format(fit, Time = NULL)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{fit}{The result from either lm_fit or rls_fit}
+
+\item{Time}{If the timestamps are missing from the fit object}
+}
+\value{
+Data.frame of when the prediction where made, also the prediction value and timestamp.
+}
+\description{
+Creates a long format of the predictions
+}
+\details{
+This functions creates a useful prediction data.frame which can be useful for analysis and plotting.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Take data
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-01-01"))
+D$y <- D$heatload
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-20", D$t)
+# Define a model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "Ta",
+ mu = "one()")
+model$add_regprm("rls_prm(lambda=0.99)")
+model$kseq <- 1:6
+# Fit it
+fit <- rls_fit(prm=c(lambda=0.99), model, D)
+
+# Get the forecasts (in fit$Yhat) on long format
+long_format(fit)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/lp.Rd b/man/lp.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7964f26b5dc99ba1df2eef96f010ae13307eabc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lp.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/lp.R
+\name{lp}
+\alias{lp}
+\title{First-order low-pass filtering}
+\usage{
+lp(X, a1, usestate = TRUE)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{X}{Dataframe or matrix (or list of them) of forecasts in columns to be low-pass filtered.}
+
+\item{a1}{The low-pass filter coefficient.}
+
+\item{usestate}{logical: Use the state kept in the model$input? if \code{lp()} is used outside model$transform_data(), then it must be set to FALSE, otherwise the input$state (which is not there) will be read leading to an error.}
+}
+\value{
+The low-pass filtered dataframe (as a matrix)
+}
+\description{
+First-order low-pass filtering of a time series vector.
+}
+\details{
+This function applies a first order unity gain low-pass filter to the columns of \code{X}.
+The low-pass filter is applied to each column seperately. The stationary gain of the filter i one.
+
+If a list of dataframes (or matrices) is given, then the low-pass filtering is recursively applied on each.
+}
+\examples{
+# Make a dataframe for the examples
+X <- data.frame(k1=rep(c(0,1),each=5))
+X$k2 <- X$k1
+Xf <- lp(X, 0.5, usestate=FALSE)
+Xf
+
+# See the input and the low-pass filtered result
+plot(X$k1)
+lines(Xf[ ,"k1"])
+# Slower response with higher a1 value
+lines(lp(X, 0.8, usestate=FALSE)[ ,"k1"])
+
+# If a list of dataframes is given, then lp() is recursively applied on each
+lp(list(X,X), 0.5, usestate=FALSE)
+
+
+}
diff --git a/man/lp_vector_cpp.Rd b/man/lp_vector_cpp.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4120434166a873686f4bbd90142cf908370d2245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/lp_vector_cpp.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/RcppExports.R
+\name{lp_vector_cpp}
+\alias{lp_vector_cpp}
+\title{Low pass filtering of a vector.}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{A numeric vector}
+
+\item{a1}{the first order low-pass filter coefficient}
+}
+\description{
+This function returns a vector which is x through a unity gain first-order low-pass filter.
+}
diff --git a/man/make_input.Rd b/man/make_input.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..751da32ff8cc89963b65821f59e3eaa91a724dcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/make_input.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/make_input.R
+\name{make_input}
+\alias{make_input}
+\title{Make a forecast matrix (as data.frame) from observations.}
+\usage{
+make_input(observations, kseq)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{observations}{vector of observations.}
+
+\item{kseq}{vector of integers, respresenting the desired "k-steps ahead".}
+}
+\value{
+Returns a forecast matrix (as a data.frame) with simply the observation vector copied to each column.
+}
+\description{
+This function creates a data.frame with columns for each horizon such that it can be
+added to a data.list and used in a forecast model.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Data for example
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15","2010-12-20"))
+
+# Generate the input
+make_input(D$heatload, 1:4)
+
+# Set is in D, such that it can be used in input expressions (e.g. by model$add_inputs(AR = "Ar0")
+D$AR0 <- make_input(D$heatload, 1:36)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/make_periodic.Rd b/man/make_periodic.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73dfb17a6236b15396ef2ec914eff64b8adf5896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/make_periodic.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/make_periodic.R
+\name{make_periodic}
+\alias{make_periodic}
+\title{Make an forecast matrix with a periodic time signal.}
+\usage{
+make_periodic(time, kseq, period, offset = 0, tstep = NA)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{time}{vector of times of class "POSIXct" "POSIXt".}
+
+\item{kseq}{vector of integers, representing the desired "k-steps ahead".}
+
+\item{period}{a numeric setting the length of the period in seconds.}
+
+\item{offset}{a numeric setting an offset in the period start in seconds.}
+
+\item{tstep}{step time of k in seconds.}
+}
+\value{
+Returns a forecast matrix (data.frame) with rownames = times, colnames = k1, k2, k3, ...
+The content of the data frame is the hour of day.
+}
+\description{
+This function creates a data.frame with k-steps-ahead values of a periodic time signal,
+such that it can be added to a data.list and used inputs to a forecast model.
+}
+\examples{
+# Create a time sequence of 30 min sample period
+tseq <- seq(ct("2019-01-01"), ct("2019-02-01 12:00"), by=1800)
+
+# Make the three hourly periodic sequence
+make_periodic(tseq, 1:10, 3*3600)
+
+# With an offset of one hour
+make_periodic(tseq, 1:10, 3*3600, 3600)
+
+}
+\seealso{
+make_tday
+}
+\keyword{data.frame}
+\keyword{lags}
+\keyword{periodic}
diff --git a/man/make_tday.Rd b/man/make_tday.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3a92800663cca2ad0aad9f0aca896c89b141a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/make_tday.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/make_tday.R
+\name{make_tday}
+\alias{make_tday}
+\title{Make an hour-of-day forecast matrix}
+\usage{
+make_tday(time, kseq, tstep = NA)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{time}{vector of times of class "POSIXct" "POSIXt".}
+
+\item{kseq}{vector of integers, representing the desired "k-steps ahead".}
+
+\item{tstep}{step time of k in seconds.}
+}
+\value{
+Returns a forecast matrix (data.frame) with rownames = times, colnames = k1, k2, k3, ...
+The content of the data frame is the hour of day.
+}
+\description{
+This function creates a data.frame with k-steps-ahead values of hour of day,
+such that it can be added to a data.list and used inputs to a forecast model.
+}
+\examples{
+# Create a time sequence of 30 min sample period
+tseq <- seq(ct("2019-01-01"), ct("2019-02-01 12:00"), by=1800)
+
+# Make the time of day sequence (assuming time between k steps is same as for tseq)
+make_tday(tseq, 1:10)
+
+# With 0.5 hour steps, kstep in hours
+make_tday(tseq, 1:10, tstep=3600)
+
+
+}
+\seealso{
+make_periodic
+}
+\keyword{data.frame}
+\keyword{hourofday}
+\keyword{lags}
diff --git a/man/nams.Rd b/man/nams.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1827e0cd7ad8f1c1e3e8faa5a36e0d407516b69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/nams.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/nams.R
+\name{nams}
+\alias{nams}
+\alias{nams<-}
+\title{Return the column names}
+\usage{
+nams(x)
+
+nams(x) <- value
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{The matrix or data.frame to set the column names for.}
+
+\item{value}{The names to be given.}
+}
+\description{
+Return the column names of a dataframe or a matrix.
+}
+\details{
+Simply to have a single function for returning the column names, instead of
+\code{colnames()} for a \code{matrix} and \code{names()} for a \code{data.frame}).
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Generate a matrix
+X <- matrix(1, nrow=2, ncol=3)
+colnames(X) <- c("c1","c2","c3")
+D <- as.data.frame(X)
+
+# Annoyingly this fails (for a matrix)
+\dontrun{names(X)}
+# Could use this everywhere
+colnames(D)
+# but this is shorter
+nams(X)
+nams(D)
+
+# Also for assignment
+nams(D) <- c("x1","x2","x3")
+nams(D)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/one.Rd b/man/one.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7963af49d21ca12b923d7af02052a58b677f366b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/one.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/ones.R
+\name{one}
+\alias{one}
+\title{Create ones for model input intercept}
+\usage{
+one()
+}
+\value{
+A data.frame of ones
+}
+\description{
+Returns a data.frame of ones which can be used in forecast model inputs
+}
+\details{
+The function returns ones which can be used to generate ones, e.g. to be used as a intercept for a model.
+
+See vignettes 'setup-data' and 'setup-and-use-model'.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# A model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+# Use the function in the input definition
+model$add_inputs(mu = "one()")
+# Set the forecast horizons
+model$kseq <- 1:4
+# During the transformation stage the one will be generated for the horizons
+model$transform_data(subset(Dbuilding, 1:7))
+
+}
diff --git a/man/onlineforecast.Rd b/man/onlineforecast.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf53df43a84f169d0852296c2b6c14c3c3086f74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/onlineforecast.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/onlineforecast-package.R
+\docType{package}
+\name{onlineforecast}
+\alias{onlineforecast}
+\title{Functions for online forecasting}
+\description{
+Functions for online forecasting
+}
+\details{
+This package provides functions to for setting up forecast models which run in an online setting, e.g. like demand, solar and wind power forecasts updated regularly - often hourly, and forecasts up to 48 hours ahead.
+
+See the website \url{https://onlineforecasting.org} for more information.
+}
diff --git a/man/pairs.data.list.Rd b/man/pairs.data.list.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6990e75eae475a74aee1d36072aeec38fd9e1569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pairs.data.list.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/data.list.R
+\name{pairs.data.list}
+\alias{pairs.data.list}
+\title{Generation of pairs plot for a data.list.}
+\usage{
+\method{pairs}{data.list}(
+ x,
+ subset = NA,
+ nms = NA,
+ kseq = NA,
+ lagforecasts = TRUE,
+ pattern = NA,
+ lower.panel = NULL,
+ panel = panel.smooth,
+ pch = 20,
+ cex = 0.7,
+ ...
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{The data.list from which to plot.}
+
+\item{subset}{The subset to be included. Passed to \code{\link{subset.data.list}()}.}
+
+\item{nms}{The names of the variables to be included. Passed to \code{\link{subset.data.list}()}.}
+
+\item{kseq}{The horizons to be included. Passed to \code{\link{subset.data.list}()}.}
+
+\item{lagforecasts}{Lag the forecasts such that they are synced with obervations. Passed to \code{\link{subset.data.list}()}.}
+
+\item{pattern}{Regex pattern to select the included variables. Passed to \code{\link{subset.data.list}()}.}
+
+\item{lower.panel}{Passed to \code{\link{pairs}()}.}
+
+\item{panel}{Passed to \code{\link{pairs}()}.}
+
+\item{pch}{Passed to \code{\link{pairs}()}.}
+
+\item{cex}{Passed to \code{\link{pairs}()}.}
+
+\item{...}{Passed to \code{\link{pairs}()}.}
+}
+\description{
+Generate a pairs plot for the vectors in the data.list.
+}
+\details{
+A very useful plot for checking what is in the forecasts, how they are synced and match the observations.
+}
+\examples{
+# Take a subset for the example
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15","2011-01-15"), pattern="^Ta|^I", kseq=1:3)
+pairs(D)
+
+# If the forecasts and the observations are not aligned in time,
+# which is easy to see by comparing to the previous plot.
+pairs(D, lagforecasts=FALSE)
+# Especially for the solar I syncronization is really important!
+# Hence if the forecasts were not synced properly, then it can be detected using this type of plot.
+
+# Alternatively, lag when taking the subset
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15","2011-01-15"), pattern="^Ta|^I", kseq=1:3, lagforecasts=TRUE)
+pairs(D, lagforecasts=FALSE)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/par_ts.Rd b/man/par_ts.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb4f515a90411a3512be510b9a5849bdcfcf2074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/par_ts.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/par_ts.R
+\name{par_ts}
+\alias{par_ts}
+\title{Set parameters for \code{\link{plot_ts}()}}
+\usage{
+par_ts(fromoptions = FALSE, p = NA, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{fromoptions}{logical: Read the list of parameters set in \code{\link{options}("par_ts")$par_ts}, then the additional parameters set in \code{...} are replaced before the list is returned.}
+
+\item{p}{List of the parameters, as returned by the function itself. If given, the additional parameters set in \code{...} are replaced before the list is returned.}
+
+\item{...}{any of the following parameters can be set replacing the default values:
+
+\code{xnm} "t": The name of the time
+
+\code{legendspace} 10:
+Horizontal space for the lengend in character spaces
+
+\code{legendcex} 1: Scaling of the legend
+
+\code{legendrangeshow} TRUE: Include the range for each variable in the legend
+
+\code{ylimextend} c(lower,upper): Extend the ylim for each plot with a proportion, seperately for the lower and upper limit
+
+\code{yaxisextend} c(lower,upper): Extend the yaxis for each plot with a proportion, seperately for the lower and upper limit
+
+\code{mainsline} (numeric): with the \code{line} for the main in the plots.
+
+\code{cex} (numeric): The cex to use for the \code{plot_ts} plots.
+
+\code{plotfun}: The function used for plotting, as default \code{lines}.
+
+\code{xaxisformat} (character): The format of the xaxis, see \code{\link{strptime}()}.
+
+\code{colorramp} colorRampPalette: The colorramp used for setting multiple colors in each plot}
+}
+\value{
+A list of the parameters above, which can be set globally (see examples) or passed to \code{\link{plot_ts}}.
+}
+\description{
+Set parameters for \code{\link{plot_ts}()} globally
+}
+\details{
+Often in a report some plot parameters must be set for all plots, which is done with \code{\link{par}()}.
+
+The parameters which are general for \code{\link{plot_ts}()} can be set and saved in \code{\link{options}()},
+and they will then be applied as default in all calls to plot_ts(). See the examples how to do this.
+
+If any of these parameters are given to \code{\link{plot_ts}()}, then it will be used over the default.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Data for plots
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, 1:192)
+
+# See the parameters which can be set
+p <- par_ts()
+names(p)
+p$xnm
+
+# Using the default values
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=1:24)
+
+# Set the parameters directly
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=1:24, legendcex=0.8, legendspace=8)
+
+# Set parameters to be given in a list
+p <- par_ts()
+p$legendcex <- 0.8
+p$legendspace <- 8
+
+# Use those parameters
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=1:24, p=p)
+
+# Set globally (if not set specifed the default values will be used)
+options(par_ts=p)
+
+# Now the global parameters will be used
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=1:24)
+
+# Still providing a parameter directly it will used, e.g. change the plotting function
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=1:24, plotfun=points)
+
+# Control more precisely the plotting function
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=1:24, plotfun=function(x, ...){ points(x, type="b", ...)})
+
+# Another colorramp function
+p$colorramp <- rainbow
+options(par_ts=p)
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=1:24)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/pbspline.Rd b/man/pbspline.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a35d3b71d8bbf8b571234525595e35735d0e4fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pbspline.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/bspline.R
+\name{pbspline}
+\alias{pbspline}
+\title{Wrapper for \code{bspline} with \code{periodic=TRUE}}
+\usage{
+pbspline(
+ X,
+ Boundary.knots = NA,
+ intercept = FALSE,
+ df = NULL,
+ knots = NULL,
+ degree = 3,
+ bknots = NA
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{X}{see \code{?bspline}}
+
+\item{Boundary.knots}{see \code{?bspline}}
+
+\item{intercept}{see \code{?bspline}}
+
+\item{df}{see \code{?bspline}}
+
+\item{knots}{see \code{?bspline}}
+
+\item{degree}{see \code{?bspline}}
+
+\item{bknots}{see \code{?bspline}}
+}
+\description{
+Wrapper for \code{bspline} with \code{periodic=TRUE}
+}
+\details{
+Simply a wrapper.
+}
+\seealso{
+Other Transform stage functions:
+\code{\link{bspline}()}
+}
+\concept{Transform stage functions}
diff --git a/man/persistence.Rd b/man/persistence.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7c13d7f6f20003daa60697e9235320de8053e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/persistence.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/persistence.R
+\name{persistence}
+\alias{persistence}
+\title{Generate persistence forecasts}
+\usage{
+persistence(y, kseq, perlen = NA)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{y}{(numeric) The model output to be forecasted.}
+
+\item{kseq}{(integer) The horizons to be forecasted.}
+
+\item{perlen}{(integer) The period length for seasonal persistence.}
+}
+\value{
+Forecast matrix as a \code{data.frame} (named \code{Yhat} in similar functions)
+}
+\description{
+Generate persistence and periodic persistence forecasts
+}
+\details{
+Generate a forecast matrix using persistence. The simple persistence is with the current value of y, i.e. the value at time t is used as forecast
+
+A seasonal persistence with a specific period can be generated by setting the argument \code{perlen} to the length of the period in steps. The value used for the forecast is then the latest available, which is matches the seasonality for time t+k, see the examples.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Simple persistence just copies the current value for the forecasts
+persistence(1:10, kseq=1:4)
+
+# Seasonal persistence takes the value perlen steps back
+persistence(1:10, kseq=1:4, perlen=4)
+
+# If the horizons are longer than perlen, then the perlen*i steps back is taken (i is an integer)
+persistence(1:10, kseq=1:12, perlen=4)
+
+
+}
diff --git a/man/plot_ts.Rd b/man/plot_ts.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0aa23692515eca12dca4398a6b8020e8b0949b3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/plot_ts.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/plot_ts.R, R/plotly_ts.R
+\name{plot_ts}
+\alias{plot_ts}
+\alias{plot_ts.data.list}
+\alias{plot_ts.data.frame}
+\alias{plot_ts.matrix}
+\alias{plot_ts.rls_fit}
+\alias{plotly_ts}
+\title{Time series plotting}
+\usage{
+plot_ts(
+ object,
+ patterns = ".*",
+ xlim = NA,
+ ylims = NA,
+ xlab = "",
+ ylabs = NA,
+ mains = "",
+ mainouter = "",
+ legendtexts = NA,
+ colormaps = NA,
+ xat = NA,
+ usely = FALSE,
+ plotit = TRUE,
+ p = NA,
+ ...
+)
+
+\method{plot_ts}{data.list}(
+ object,
+ patterns = ".*",
+ xlim = NA,
+ ylims = NA,
+ xlab = "",
+ ylabs = NA,
+ mains = "",
+ mainouter = "",
+ legendtexts = NA,
+ colormaps = NA,
+ xat = NA,
+ usely = FALSE,
+ plotit = TRUE,
+ p = NA,
+ kseq = NA,
+ ...
+)
+
+\method{plot_ts}{data.frame}(
+ object,
+ patterns = ".*",
+ xlim = NA,
+ ylims = NA,
+ xlab = "",
+ ylabs = NA,
+ mains = NA,
+ mainouter = "",
+ legendtexts = NA,
+ colormaps = NA,
+ xat = NA,
+ usely = FALSE,
+ plotit = TRUE,
+ p = NA,
+ namesdata = NA,
+ ...
+)
+
+\method{plot_ts}{matrix}(
+ object,
+ patterns = ".*",
+ xlim = NA,
+ ylims = NA,
+ xlab = "",
+ ylabs = NA,
+ mains = NA,
+ mainouter = "",
+ legendtexts = NA,
+ colormaps = NA,
+ xat = NA,
+ usely = FALSE,
+ plotit = TRUE,
+ p = NA,
+ namesdata = NA,
+ ...
+)
+
+\method{plot_ts}{rls_fit}(
+ object,
+ patterns = c("^y$|^Yhat$", "^Residuals$", "CumAbsResiduals$", pst("^",
+ names(fit$Lfitval[[1]]), "$")),
+ xlim = NA,
+ ylims = NA,
+ xlab = "",
+ ylabs = NA,
+ mains = "",
+ mainouter = "",
+ legendtexts = NA,
+ colormaps = NA,
+ xat = NA,
+ usely = FALSE,
+ plotit = TRUE,
+ p = NA,
+ kseq = NA,
+ ...
+)
+
+plotly_ts(
+ object,
+ patterns = ".*",
+ xlim = NA,
+ ylims = NA,
+ xlab = "",
+ ylabs = NA,
+ mains = "",
+ mainouter = "",
+ legendtexts = NA,
+ colormaps = NA,
+ xat = NA,
+ usely = FALSE,
+ p = NA,
+ ...
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{A \code{data.list} or \code{data.frame} with observations and forecasts, note diffe}
+
+\item{patterns}{See \code{\link{plot_ts}}. The default pattern finds the generated series in the function, '!!RLSinputs!!' will be replaced with the names of the RLS inputs (regression stage inputs).}
+
+\item{xlim}{The time range as a character of length 2 and form "YYYY-MM-DD" or POSIX. Date to start and end the plot.}
+
+\item{ylims}{The \code{ylim} for each plot given in a list.}
+
+\item{xlab}{A character with the label for the x-axis.}
+
+\item{ylabs}{A character vector with labels for the y-axes.}
+
+\item{mains}{A character vector with the main for each plot.}
+
+\item{mainouter}{A character with the main at the top of the plot (can also be added afterwards with \code{title(main, outer=TRUE)}).}
+
+\item{legendtexts}{A list with the legend texts for each plot (replaces the names of the variables).}
+
+\item{colormaps}{A list of colormaps, which will be used in each plot.}
+
+\item{xat}{POSIXt specifying where the ticks on x-axis should be put.}
+
+\item{usely}{If TRUE then plotly will be used.}
+
+\item{plotit}{If FALSE then the plot will not be generated, only data returned.}
+
+\item{p}{The plot_ts parameters in a list, as generated with the function \code{\link{par_ts}()}.}
+
+\item{...}{Parameters passed to \code{\link{par_ts}}, see the list of parameters in \code{?\link{par_ts}}.}
+
+\item{kseq}{For \code{class(object)=="data.list"} an integer vector, default = NA. Control which forecast horizons to include in the plots. If NA all the horizons will be included.}
+
+\item{namesdata}{For \code{class(object)=="data.frame"} a character vector. Names of columns in object to be searched in, instead of \code{names(object)}.}
+
+\item{fit}{An \code{rls_fit}.}
+}
+\value{
+A list with a data.frame with the data for each plot, if usely=TRUE, then a list of the figures (drawn with print(subplot(L, shareX=TRUE, nrows=length(L), titleY = TRUE))).
+
+The plotted data in a \code{data.list}.
+}
+\description{
+Plot time series of observations and forecasts (lagged to be aligned in time).
+
+Plot forecasts, residuals, cumulated residuals and RLS coefficients
+
+Simply the same as \code{\link{plot_ts}()} with \code{usely=TRUE}, such that plotly is used.
+}
+\details{
+Generates time series plots depending on the variables matched by each regular expression given in the \code{patterns} argument.
+
+The forecasts matrices in the \code{data.list} given in \code{object} will be lagged to be aligned in time (i.e. k-step forecasts will be lagged by k).
+
+Use the plotly package if argument \code{usely} is TRUE, see \code{\link{plotly_ts}()}.
+
+A useful plot for residual analysis and model validation of an RLS fitted forecast model.
+
+All parameters, except those described below, are simply passed to \code{\link{plot_ts}()}.
+
+The \code{plotly} package must be installed and loaded.
+
+Note that the plot parameters set with \code{\link{par_ts}()} have no effect on the \code{plotly} plots.
+
+See \url{https://onlineforecasting.org/vignettes/nice-tricks.html}.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Time series plots for \code{data.list}, same as for \code{data.frame} except use of \code{kseq}
+D <- Dbuilding
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=c(1,24))
+# Make two plots (and set the space for the legend)
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=c(1,24), legendspace=11)
+# Only the Ta observations
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Taobs$"), kseq=c(1,24), legendspace=11)
+
+# Give labels
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=c(1,24), xlab="Time", ylabs=c("Heat (kW)","Temperature (C)"))
+# Mains (see mainsline in par_ts())
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=c(1,24), mains=c("Heatload","Temperature"), mainsline=c(-1,-2))
+
+# Format of the xaxis (see par_ts())
+plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=c(1,24), xaxisformat="\%Y-\%m-\%d \%H:\%m")
+
+# Return the data, for other plots etc.
+L <- plot_ts(D, c("heatload","Ta"), kseq=c(1,24))
+names(L[[1]])
+names(L[[2]])
+
+
+
+# Fit a model (see vignette 'setup-and-use-model'
+D <- Dbuilding
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-22", D$t)
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$output = "heatload"
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "Ta",
+ mu = "one()")
+model$add_regprm("rls_prm(lambda=0.9)")
+model$kseq <- c(3,18)
+fit1 <- rls_fit(NA, model, D, returnanalysis = TRUE)
+
+# Plot it
+plot_ts(fit1)
+
+# Return the data
+Dplot <- plot_ts(fit1)
+
+# The RLS coefficients are now in a nice format
+head(Dplot$mu)
+
+
+# See the website link above
+
+}
+\seealso{
+\code{\link{par_ts}} for setting plot control parameters.
+
+\code{\link{regex}} for regular expressions to select which variables to plot.
+
+\code{\link{plot_ts}}.
+}
diff --git a/man/print.forecastmodel.Rd b/man/print.forecastmodel.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e4b8139885f93a4d6b2228c1876f8966da3be4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/print.forecastmodel.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/forecastmodel.R
+\name{print.forecastmodel}
+\alias{print.forecastmodel}
+\title{Print forecast model}
+\usage{
+\method{print}{forecastmodel}(x, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{A forecastmodel object}
+
+\item{...}{Not used.}
+}
+\description{
+Prints a forecast model
+}
+\details{
+A simple print out of the model output and inputs
+}
diff --git a/man/print_to_message.Rd b/man/print_to_message.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ac0089cc5f51256c42a86d16c8b3578e186c05b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/print_to_message.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/print_to_message.R
+\name{print_to_message}
+\alias{print_to_message}
+\title{Simple function for capturing from the print function and send it in a message().}
+\usage{
+print_to_message(...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{...}{Passed to print which passed to message.}
+}
+\description{
+Simple function for capturing from the print function and send it in a message().
+}
diff --git a/man/pst.Rd b/man/pst.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed9d42c47460005d2814be9d23a90cbc4ae19bed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pst.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/pst.R
+\name{pst}
+\alias{pst}
+\title{Simple wrapper for paste0().}
+\usage{
+pst(...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{...}{Passed to paste0().}
+}
+\description{
+Simple wrapper for paste0().
+}
diff --git a/man/resample.Rd b/man/resample.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..857abbd8c133ef2ddc922f1ef12287eb4eac78d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/resample.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/resample.R
+\name{resample}
+\alias{resample}
+\title{Resampling to equidistant time series}
+\usage{
+resample(
+ object,
+ ts,
+ tstart = NA,
+ tend = NA,
+ timename = "t",
+ fun = mean,
+ quantizetime = TRUE,
+ ...
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{Can be data.frame}
+
+\item{ts}{(numeric) New sample period in seconds}
+
+\item{tstart}{A POSIXxx (or charater or numeric), which indicates the first time point in the series returned}
+
+\item{tend}{A POSIXxx (or charater or numeric), which indicates the last time point in the series returned}
+
+\item{timename}{(character) The name of the time column in object}
+
+\item{fun}{(function) The function of apply. Default is mean, such that average values are obtained}
+
+\item{quantizetime}{(logical) Should the new time points be set to the end of the time intervals, or should they also be the result of the fun function}
+
+\item{...}{Passed on to the fun function}
+}
+\value{
+A downsampled data.frame
+}
+\description{
+Make a downsampling to a lower sampling frequency
+}
+\details{
+Given an object with a column indicating the time points of the observations the
+function returns a similar object, where the function is applied for each new (and longer)
+interval.
+
+Typically it is used if for example 15 minute values should be made into 1 hour values.
+
+NOTE that it is always assumed that the time point is at the end of the time interval,
+e.g. if hourly values are returned, then "2019-01-01 01:00" indicates the first hour in 2019.
+
+All time points at the time point (border) of between two intervals is assigned to the
+first interval of the two.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Generate some test data with 10 minutes sampling frequency for one day
+X <- data.frame(t=seq(ct("2019-01-01 00:10"),ct("2019-01-02"), by=10*60))
+
+# A single sine over the day
+X$val <- sin(as.numeric(X$t)/3600*2*pi/(24))
+
+# Resample to hourly average values
+Xre <- resample(X, 3600)
+plot(X$t, X$val)
+lines(Xre$t, Xre$val, type="b", col=2)
+
+# Resample to hourly max values
+Xre <- resample(X, 3600, fun=max)
+lines(Xre$t, Xre$val, type="b", col=3)
+
+# Another starting time point
+Xre <- resample(X, 3600, tstart="2019-01-01 00:30")
+lines(Xre$t, Xre$val, type="b", col=4)
+
+
+}
diff --git a/man/residuals.Rd b/man/residuals.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d6512e21da9ded58c77dafcfc27f2200c55fa63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/residuals.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/residuals.R
+\name{residuals.data.frame}
+\alias{residuals.data.frame}
+\alias{residuals.matrix}
+\alias{residuals.list}
+\alias{residuals.forecastmodel_fit}
+\title{Calculate the residuals given a forecast matrix and the observations.}
+\usage{
+\method{residuals}{data.frame}(object, y, ...)
+
+\method{residuals}{matrix}(object, y, ...)
+
+\method{residuals}{list}(object, y, ...)
+
+\method{residuals}{forecastmodel_fit}(object, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{The forecast matrix (a data.frame with kxx as column names, Yhat in returned fits).}
+
+\item{y}{The observations vector.}
+
+\item{...}{Not used.}
+}
+\value{
+If object is a matrix or data.frame: a data.frame with the residuals for each horizon.
+If object is a list: A list with residuals from each element.
+}
+\description{
+Calculate the residuals given a forecast matrix and the observations.
+}
+\details{
+Simply give the forecast matrix and the observations to get the residuals for each horizon in the forecast matrix.
+
+The residuals returned are synced with the observations (i.e. k0) and the columns are names "hxx" (not kxx) to indicate this and will not be lagged in \code{\link{plot_ts}()}.
+}
+\examples{
+# ?? list example
+# Just a vector to be forecasted
+n <- 100
+D <- data.list()
+D$t <- 1:n
+D$y <- c(filter(rnorm(n), 0.95, "recursive"))
+plot(D$y, type="l")
+
+# Generate a forecast matrix with a simple persistence model
+D$Yhat <- persistence(D$y, kseq=1:4)
+
+# The residuals for each horizon
+D$Resid <- residuals(D$Yhat, D$y)
+D$Resid
+# Note the names of the columns
+names(D$Resid)
+# which means that they are aligned with the observations and will not be lagged in the plot
+plot_ts(D, c("y|Yhat","Resid"))
+
+# Check that it matches (the forecasts is lagged in the plot_ts
+# such that the forecast for t+k is at t+k (and not t))
+plot_ts(D, c("y|Yhat","Resid"), xlim=c(1,10), kseq=1,
+ plotfun=function(x,...){lines(x,...,type="b")})
+
+# Just for fun, see the auto-correlation function of the persistence
+acf(D$Resid$h1, na.action=na.pass)
+acf(D$Resid$h4, na.action=na.pass)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/rls_fit.Rd b/man/rls_fit.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eed3348a3aa17e0bfa153af8b63189bf1e456e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/rls_fit.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/rls_fit.R
+\name{rls_fit}
+\alias{rls_fit}
+\title{Fit an onlineforecast model with Recursive Least Squares (RLS).}
+\usage{
+rls_fit(
+ prm = NA,
+ model,
+ data,
+ scorefun = NA,
+ returnanalysis = TRUE,
+ runcpp = TRUE,
+ printout = TRUE
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{prm}{vector with the parameters for fitting. Deliberately as the first element to be able to use \code{\link{optim}} or other optimizer. If NA then the model will be fitted with the current values in the input expressions, see examples.}
+
+\item{model}{as an object of class forecastmodel: The model to be fitted.}
+
+\item{data}{as a data.list with the data to fit the model on.}
+
+\item{scorefun}{as a function (optional), default is \code{\link{rmse}}. If the score function is given it will be applied to the residuals of each horizon (only data$scoreperiod is included).}
+
+\item{returnanalysis}{as a logical. If FALSE then the sum of the scoreval on all horizons are returned, if TRUE a list with values for analysis.}
+
+\item{runcpp}{logical: If true the c++ implementation of RLS is run, if false the R implementation is run (slower).}
+
+\item{printout}{logical: If TRUE the offline parameters and the score function value are printed.}
+}
+\value{
+Depends on:
+
+ - If \code{returnanalysis} is TRUE a list containing:
+
+ * \code{Yhat}: data.frame with forecasts for \code{model$kseq} horizons.
+
+ * \code{model}: The forecastmodel object cloned deep, so can be modified without changing the original object.
+
+ * \code{data}: data.list with the data used, see examples on how to obtain the transformed data.
+
+ * \code{Lfitval}: list with RLS coefficients in a data.frame for each horizon, use \code{\link{plot_ts.rls_fit}} to plot them and to obtain them as a data.frame for each coefficient.
+
+ * \code{scoreval}: data.frame with the scorefun result on each horizon (only scoreperiod is included).
+
+ - If \code{returnanalysis} is FALSE (and \code{scorefun} is given): The sum of the score function on all horizons (specified with model$kseq).
+}
+\description{
+This function fits the onlineforecast model to the data and returns either: model validation data or just the score value.
+}
+\details{
+This function has three main purposes (in the examples these three are demonstrated in the examples):
+
+- Returning model validation data, such as residuals and recursive estimated parameters.
+
+- For optimizing the parameters using an R optimizer function. The parameters to optimize for is given in \code{prm}
+
+- Fitting a model to data and saving the final state in the model object (such that from that point the model can be updated recursively as new data is received).
+
+Note, if the \code{scorefun} is given the \code{data$scoreperiod} must be set to (int or logical) define which points to be evaluated in the scorefun.
+}
+\examples{
+
+
+# Take data
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-01-01"))
+D$y <- D$heatload
+# Define a simple model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$output <- "y"
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "Ta",
+ mu = "one()")
+model$add_regprm("rls_prm(lambda=0.99)")
+
+# Before fitting the model, define which points to include in the evaluation of the score function
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-20", D$t)
+# And the sequence of horizons to fit for
+model$kseq <- 1:6
+
+# Now we can fit the model with RLS and get the model validation analysis data
+fit <- rls_fit(model = model, data = D)
+# What did we get back?
+names(fit)
+# The one-step forecast
+plot(D$y, type="l")
+lines(fit$Yhat$k1, col=2)
+# The one-step RLS coefficients over time (Lfitval is a list of the fits for each horizon)
+plot(fit$Lfitval$k1$Ta, type="l")
+
+# A summary
+summary(fit)
+# Plot the fit
+plot_ts(fit, kseq=1)
+
+# Fitting with lower lambda makes the RLS coefficients change faster
+fit2 <- rls_fit(prm = c(lambda=0.9), model, D)
+plot_ts(fit2, kseq=1)
+
+
+# It can return a score
+rls_fit(c(lambda=0.9), model, D, scorefun=rmse, returnanalysis=FALSE)
+
+# Such that it can be passed to an optimzer (see ?rls_optim for a nice wrapper of optim)
+val <- optim(c(lambda=0.99), rls_fit, model = model, data = D, scorefun = rmse,
+ returnanalysis=FALSE)
+val$par
+# Which can then simply be applied
+rls_fit(val$par, model, D, scorefun=rmse, returnanalysis=FALSE)
+# see ?rls_optim, how optim is wrapped for a little easiere use
+
+# See rmse as a function of horizon
+fit <- rls_fit(val$par, model, D, scorefun = rmse)
+plot(fit$scoreval, xlab="Horizon k", ylab="RMSE")
+# See ?score for a little more consistent way of calculating this
+
+
+# Try adding a low-pass filter to Ta
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "lp(Ta, a1=0.92)")
+# To obtain the transformed data, i.e. the data which is used as input to the RLS
+model$reset_state()
+# Generate the the transformed data
+datatr <- model$transform_data(D)
+# What did we get?
+str(datatr)
+# See the effect of low-pass filtering
+plot(D$Ta$k1, type="l")
+lines(datatr$Ta$k1, col=2)
+# Try changing the 'a1' coefficient and rerun
+# ?rls_optim for how to optimize also this coefficient
+
+
+}
+\seealso{
+For optimizing parameters \code{\link{rls_optim}()}, for summary \code{summary.rls_fit}, for plotting \code{\link{plot_ts.rls_fit}()}, and the other functions starting with 'rls_'.
+}
diff --git a/man/rls_optim.Rd b/man/rls_optim.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..258dfa16fe3746f14b178b900f8c411bee8fbae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/rls_optim.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/rls_optim.R
+\name{rls_optim}
+\alias{rls_optim}
+\title{Optimize parameters for onlineforecast model fitted with RLS}
+\usage{
+rls_optim(
+ model,
+ data,
+ kseq = NA,
+ scorefun = rmse,
+ cachedir = "",
+ cachererun = FALSE,
+ printout = TRUE,
+ method = "L-BFGS-B",
+ ...
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{model}{The onlineforecast model, including inputs, output, kseq, p}
+
+\item{data}{The data.list which holds the data on which the model is fitted.}
+
+\item{kseq}{The horizons to fit for (if not set, then model$kseq is used)}
+
+\item{scorefun}{The function to be score used for calculating the score to be optimized.}
+
+\item{cachedir}{A character specifying the path (and prefix) of the cache file name. If set to \code{""}, then no cache will be loaded or written. See \url{https://onlineforecasting.org/vignettes/nice-tricks.html} for examples.}
+
+\item{cachererun}{A logical controlling whether to run the optimization even if the cache exists.}
+
+\item{printout}{A logical determining if the score function is printed out in each iteration of the optimization.}
+
+\item{method}{The method argument for \code{\link{optim}}.}
+
+\item{...}{Additional parameters to \code{\link{optim}}}
+}
+\value{
+Result object of optim().
+Parameters resulting from the optimization can be found from \code{result$par}
+}
+\description{
+Optimize parameters (transformation stage) of RLS model
+}
+\details{
+This is a wrapper for \code{\link{optim}} to enable easy use of bounds and caching in the optimization.
+
+One smart trick, is to cache the optimization results. Caching can be done by providing a path to the
+\code{cachedir} argument (relative to the current working directory).
+E.g. \code{rls_optim(model, D, cachedir="cache")} will write a file in the folder 'cache', such that
+next time the same call is carried out, then the file is read instead of running the optimization again.
+See the example in \url{https://onlineforecasting.org/vignettes/nice-tricks.html}.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Take data
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-01-01"))
+D$y <- D$heatload
+# Define a simple model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "Ta", mu = "one()")
+model$add_regprm("rls_prm(lambda=0.99)")
+
+# Before fitting the model, define which points to include in the evaluation of the score function
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-20", D$t)
+# And the sequence of horizons to fit for
+model$kseq <- 1:6
+# Now we can fit the model and get the score, as it is
+rls_fit(model=model, data=D, scorefun=rmse, returnanalysis=FALSE)
+# Or we can change the lambda
+rls_fit(c(lambda=0.9), model, D, rmse, returnanalysis=FALSE)
+
+# This could be passed to optim() (or any optimizer, see forecastmodel$insert_prm()).
+optim(c(lambda=0.98), rls_fit, model=model, data=D, scorefun=rmse, returnanalysis=FALSE,
+ lower=c(lambda=0.9), upper=c(lambda=0.999), method="L-BFGS-B")
+
+# rls_optim is simply a helper, it's makes using bounds easiere and enables caching of the results
+# First add bounds for lambda (lower, init, upper)
+model$add_prmbounds(lambda = c(0.9, 0.98, 0.999))
+
+# Now the same optimization as above can be done by
+val <- rls_optim(model, D)
+val
+
+
+}
+\seealso{
+\code{link{optim}} for how to control the optimization.
+}
diff --git a/man/rls_predict.Rd b/man/rls_predict.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..240a7591e702fe1afea13f4492a8caa23e866fc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/rls_predict.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/rls_predict.R
+\name{rls_predict}
+\alias{rls_predict}
+\title{Prediction with an rls model.}
+\usage{
+rls_predict(model, datatr = NA)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{model}{Onlineforecast model object which has been fitted.}
+
+\item{datatr}{Transformed data.}
+}
+\value{
+The Yhat forecast matrix with a forecast for each model$kseq and for each time point in \code{datatr$t}.
+}
+\description{
+Use a fitted forecast model to predict its output variable with transformed data.
+}
+\details{
+See the ??ref(recursive updating vignette, not yet available).
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Take data
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-01-01"))
+D$y <- D$heatload
+# Define a simple model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "Ta", mu = "one()")
+model$add_regprm("rls_prm(lambda=0.99)")
+
+# Before fitting the model, define which points to include in the evaluation of the score function
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-20", D$t)
+# And the sequence of horizons to fit for
+model$kseq <- 1:6
+
+# Transform using the mdoel
+datatr <- model$transform_data(D)
+
+# See the transformed data
+str(datatr)
+
+# The model has not been fitted
+model$Lfits
+
+# To fit
+rls_fit(model=model, data=D)
+
+# Now the fits for each horizon are there (the latest update)
+# For example the current parameter estimates
+model$Lfits$k1$theta
+
+# Use the current values for prediction
+D$Yhat <- rls_predict(model, datatr)
+
+# Plot it
+plot_ts(D, c("y|Yhat"), kseq=1)
+
+# Recursive updating and prediction
+Dnew <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2011-01-01", "2011-01-02"))
+
+for(i in 1:length(Dnew$t)){
+ # New data arrives
+ Dt <- subset(Dnew, i)
+ # Remember that the transformation must only be done once if some transformation
+ # which is has a state, e.g. lp(), is used
+ datatr <- model$transform_data(Dt)
+ # Update, remember that this must only be once for each new point
+ # (it updates the parameter estimates, i.e. model$Lfits)
+ rls_update(model, datatr, Dt$heatload)
+ # Now predict to generate the new forecast
+ print(rls_predict(model, datatr))
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/man/rls_prm.Rd b/man/rls_prm.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06fbe508dff4a7f6c20b1c417388463ec3f1f2d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/rls_prm.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/rls_prm.R
+\name{rls_prm}
+\alias{rls_prm}
+\title{Function for generating the parameters for RLS regression}
+\usage{
+rls_prm(lambda)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{lambda}{The forgetting factor}
+}
+\value{
+A list of the parameters
+}
+\description{
+Function for generating the parameters for RLS regression
+}
+\details{
+The RLS needs only a forgetting factor parameter.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Take data
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-01-01"))
+D$y <- D$heatload
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-20", D$t)
+# Define a simple model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "Ta", mu = "one()")
+model$kseq <- 1:6
+
+# Here the expression which sets the parameters is defined
+model$add_regprm("rls_prm(lambda=0.99)")
+model$regprmexpr
+
+# These will fit with lambda=0.99
+rls_fit(prm=NA, model, D)
+rls_fit(prm=c(lambda=0.99), model, D)
+
+# The expression is evaluated when the model is fitted
+rls_fit(prm=c(lambda=0.85), model, D)
+
+# What happens is simply that the expression was manipulated
+model$regprmexpr
+model$regprm
+
+# Same change could be done by
+model$regprm <- list(lambda=0.3)
+model$regprm
+val <- rls_fit(prm=NA, model, D)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/rls_summary.Rd b/man/rls_summary.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8aa6b197b68f26d6f5745eb40fa3dab5f665be6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/rls_summary.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/rls_summary.R
+\name{rls_summary}
+\alias{rls_summary}
+\title{Print summary of an onlineforecast model fitted with RLS}
+\usage{
+rls_summary(object, scoreperiod = NA, scorefun = rmse, printit = TRUE, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{of class \code{rls_fit}, so a fit calculated by \code{\link{rls_fit}}.}
+
+\item{scoreperiod}{logical (or index). If this scoreperiod is given, then it will be used over the one in the fit.}
+
+\item{scorefun}{The score function to be applied on each horizon.}
+
+\item{printit}{Print the result.}
+
+\item{...}{Not used.}
+}
+\value{
+A list of:
+
+ - scorefun.
+
+ - scoreval (value of the scorefun for each horizon).
+
+ - scoreperiod is the scoreperiod used.
+}
+\description{
+The summary of an onlineforecast model fitted with RLS with simple stats providing a simple overview.
+}
+\details{
+The following is printed:
+
+* The model.
+
+* Number of observations included in the scoreperiod.
+
+* RLS coefficients summary statistics for the estimated coefficient time series (since observations are correlated, then usual statistics cannot be applied directly):
+
+ - mean: the sample mean of the series.
+
+ - sd: sample standard deviation of the series.
+
+ - min: minimum of the series.
+
+ - max: maximum of the series.
+
+* Scorefunction applied for each horizon, per default the RMSE.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Take data
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-01-01"))
+D$y <- D$heatload
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-20", D$t)
+# Define a model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "Ta",
+ mu = "one()")
+model$add_regprm("rls_prm(lambda=0.99)")
+model$kseq <- 1:6
+# Fit it
+fit <- rls_fit(prm=c(lambda=0.99), model, D)
+
+# Print the summary
+summary(fit)
+# We see:
+# - The model (output, inputs, lambda)
+# - The Ta coefficient is around -0.12 in average (for all horizons) with a standard dev. of 0.03,
+# so not varying extremely (between -0.18 and -0.027).
+# - The intercept mu is around 5.5 and varying very little.
+# - The RMSE is around 0.9 for all horizons.
+
+# The residuals and coefficient series can be seen by
+plot_ts(fit)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/rls_update.Rd b/man/rls_update.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..613dfdf05626371106d3553ae47a19d8c0d06d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/rls_update.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/rls_update.R
+\name{rls_update}
+\alias{rls_update}
+\title{Updates the model fits}
+\usage{
+rls_update(model, datatr = NA, y = NA, runcpp = TRUE)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{model}{A model object}
+
+\item{datatr}{a data.list with transformed data (from model$transform_data(D))}
+
+\item{y}{A vector of the model output for the corresponding time steps in \code{datatr}}
+
+\item{runcpp}{Optional, default = TRUE. If TRUE, a c++ implementation of the update is run, otherwise a slower R implementation is used.}
+}
+\value{
+Returns a named list for each horizon (\code{model$kseq}) containing the variables needed for the RLS fit (for each horizon, which is saved in model$Lfits):
+
+It will update variables in the forecast model object.
+}
+\description{
+Calculates the RLS update of the model coefficients with the provived data.
+}
+\details{
+See vignette ??ref(recursive updating, not yet finished) on how to use the function.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# See rls_predict examples
+
+}
+\seealso{
+See \code{\link{rls_predict}}.
+}
diff --git a/man/rls_update_cpp.Rd b/man/rls_update_cpp.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38b4978c0f8ab5359a75094df4bcd3522413a59d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/rls_update_cpp.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/RcppExports.R
+\name{rls_update_cpp}
+\alias{rls_update_cpp}
+\title{Calculating k-step recursive least squares estimates}
+\arguments{
+\item{y}{Vector of observation}
+
+\item{X}{Matrix of input variables (design matrix)}
+
+\item{theta}{Vector of parameters (initial value)}
+
+\item{P}{Covariance matrix (initial value)}
+
+\item{lambda}{Forgetting factor}
+
+\item{k}{Forecast horizon}
+
+\item{n}{Length of the input}
+
+\item{np}{Dimension of P (np x np)}
+
+\item{istart}{Start index}
+
+\item{kmax}{Keep only the last kmax rows for next time}
+}
+\description{
+This function applies the k-step recursive least squares scheme to estimate
+parameters in a linear regression model.
+}
diff --git a/man/rmse.Rd b/man/rmse.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fe836ca91fda21e614b9e3b5615b0f40d39da51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/rmse.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/rmse.R
+\name{rmse}
+\alias{rmse}
+\title{Computes the RMSE score.}
+\usage{
+rmse(x)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{a numerical vector of residuals.}
+}
+\value{
+The RMSE score.
+}
+\description{
+Returns the RMSE.
+}
+\details{
+Used for forecast evaluation evaluation and optimization of parameters in model fitting.
+
+Note that \code{NA}s are ignored (i.e. \code{mean} is called with \code{na.rm=TRUE}).
+}
+\examples{
+
+
+ # Just a vector to be forecasted
+ y <- c(filter(rnorm(100), 0.95, "recursive"))
+ # Generate a forecast matrix with a simple persistence model
+ Yhat <- persistence(y, kseq=1:4)
+ # The residuals for each horizon
+ Resid <- residuals(Yhat, y)
+
+# Calculate the score for the k1 horizon
+rmse(Resid$h1)
+
+# For all horizons
+apply(Resid, 2, rmse)
+
+
+}
+\seealso{
+\code{\link{score}()} for calculation of a score for the k'th horizon
+}
diff --git a/man/score.Rd b/man/score.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfd2d7b2edb1daeeb3de3318935352728a180aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/score.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/score.R
+\name{score}
+\alias{score}
+\alias{score.list}
+\alias{score.data.frame}
+\title{Calculate the score for each horizon.}
+\usage{
+score(object, scoreperiod = NA, usecomplete = TRUE, scorefun = rmse, ...)
+
+\method{score}{list}(object, scoreperiod = NA, usecomplete = TRUE, scorefun = rmse, ...)
+
+\method{score}{data.frame}(object, scoreperiod = NA, usecomplete = TRUE, scorefun = rmse, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{object}{??list or A matrix with residuals (columns named \code{hxx}) for which to calculate the score for each horizon.}
+
+\item{scoreperiod}{as a logical vector controlling which points to be included in the score calculation. If NA then all values are included (depeding on 'complete').}
+
+\item{usecomplete}{TRUE then only the values available for all horizons are included (i.e. if at one time point there is a missing value, then values for this time point is removed for all horizons in the calculation).}
+
+\item{scorefun}{The score function.}
+
+\item{...}{is passed on to the score function.}
+}
+\value{
+A list with the a numeric vector with the score value for each horizon and the applied \code{scoreperiod} (note can be different from the given scoreperiod, if only complete observations are used (as per default)).
+}
+\description{
+Calculates the score for each horizon for a matrix with residuals for each horizon.
+}
+\details{
+Applies the \code{scorefun} on all horizons (each column) of the residuals matrix. See the description of each parameter for more details.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Just a vector to be forecasted
+y <- c(filter(rnorm(100), 0.95, "recursive"))
+# Generate a forecast matrix with a simple persistence model
+Yhat <- persistence(y, kseq=1:4)
+# The residuals for each horizon
+Resid <- residuals(Yhat, y)
+
+# Calculate the score for the k1 horizon
+score(Resid)
+
+# In the beginning the horizons have NAs
+head(Resid)
+# Default is that only complete cases over all horizons are included
+score(Resid)
+# So including all cases for each horizon will give different values
+score(Resid, usecomplete=FALSE)
+
+# Given a list
+# The residuals for each horizon
+Resid2 <- residuals(persistence(y,kseq=1:4)+rnorm(100), y)
+
+score(list(Resid,Resid2))
+}
diff --git a/man/setpar.Rd b/man/setpar.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bdbbca275d637b2dba12c9aaa1a26affa4976d0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/setpar.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/setpar.R
+\name{setpar}
+\alias{setpar}
+\title{Setting \code{\link{par}()} plotting parameters}
+\usage{
+setpar(tmpl = "ts", mfrow = c(1, 1), ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{tmpl}{The name of the parameter template, give "ts" as default}
+
+\item{mfrow}{The mfrow for \code{par}.}
+
+\item{...}{More parameters for \code{par}.}
+}
+\value{
+Return the original set of parameters, such that they can be reset after plotting.
+}
+\description{
+Setting \code{\link{par}()} plotting parameters to a set of default values
+}
+\details{
+A simple function, which sets the \code{\link{par}()} plotting parameters to a default set of values.
+
+Actually, only really used for setting useful \code{par} values for multiple time series plots with same x-axis.
+Give \code{tmpl="ts"} and \code{mfrow=c(x,1)}, where x is the number of plots.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Make some data
+D <- data.frame(t=seq(ct("2020-01-01"),ct("2020-01-10"),len=100), x=rnorm(100), y=runif(100))
+# Remember the currect par values
+oldpar <- setpar()
+
+# Generate two stacked plots with same x-axis
+setpar("ts", mfrow=c(2,1))
+plot(D$t, D$x, type="l")
+plot(D$t, D$y, type="l")
+# Note xaxt="s" must be set
+axis.POSIXct(1, D$t, xaxt="s", format="\%Y-\%m-\%d")
+
+# Set back the par to the previous
+par(oldpar)
+
+# In a function, where this is used and a plot is generated,
+# then do like this in order to automatically reset on exit
+oldpar <- setpar(mfrow=c(2,1))
+on.exit(par(oldpar))
+
+}
diff --git a/man/stairs.Rd b/man/stairs.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fa38d4566c19858beb53bcef8e0e3dc5f9f4382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/stairs.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/stairs.R
+\name{stairs}
+\alias{stairs}
+\title{Plotting stairs with time point at end of interval.}
+\usage{
+stairs(x, y, type = "b", preline = FALSE, pch = 19, ...)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{x values for plot.}
+
+\item{y}{y values for plot.}
+
+\item{type}{if 'b' then include points.}
+
+\item{preline}{if TRUE, then a line backwards from the first point is added.}
+
+\item{pch}{Passed to \code{points()}.}
+
+\item{...}{Passed to \code{lines()} and \code{points()} when they are called in the function.}
+}
+\description{
+Plotting steps with time point at end of interval
+}
+\details{
+It's easy to plot stairs with \code{plot(x,y,type="s")}, however that makes the steps forward from \code{x}, for time series this works if the time points are at the beginning of the intervals.
+
+Often with time series the time points are in the end of the intervals, so the steps should go backaward, this is achieved with this function.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# Usual stairs plot has steps forward from x
+x <- rnorm(10)
+plot(1:10, x, type="s")
+
+# Stairs with step backward from x
+plot(1:10, x, type="n")
+stairs(1:10, x)
+
+# Use for time series plotting
+plot_ts(Dbuilding, "heatload", c("2010-12-15","2010-12-16"), plotfun=stairs)
+
+# Set it globally for all plot_ts
+p <- par_ts()
+p$plotfun <- stairs
+options(par_ts=p)
+plot_ts(Dbuilding, "heatload", c("2010-12-15","2010-12-16"))
+
+# Modify it to only lines
+plot_ts(Dbuilding, "heatload", c("2010-12-15","2010-12-16"),
+ plotfun=function(x,y,...){stairs(x,y, type="l")})
+
+}
diff --git a/man/state_getval.Rd b/man/state_getval.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cccdc87c7c2ccefa5604a6f9c63d31907a51ccc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/state_getval.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/state_getval.R
+\name{state_getval}
+\alias{state_getval}
+\title{Get the state value kept in last call.}
+\usage{
+state_getval(initval)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{initval}{If no state was kept, then this init value is returned.}
+}
+\value{
+The state value, but if not found, then the initval.
+}
+\description{
+Get the state value kept in last call to the transformation function.
+}
+\details{
+Transformation functions (e.g. \code{\link{lp}}, \code{\link{fs}}, \code{\link{bspline}}) can need to keep a state value between calls, e.g. when new data arrives and must be transformed. This function is used to getting the state values set in last call to the function.
+
+Uses the \code{input_class$state_getval()}.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# See how it can be used in lp, which needs to save the state of the filter
+# Note how it is not needed to do anything else than getting and setting the state
+# in transformations (model$transform_data()), then multiple transformation functions can be called,
+# but they are always in the same order, so the state (set,get) functions keep a counter internally
+# to make sure that the correct values are set and returned when called again.
+lp
+
+
+}
+\seealso{
+\code{\link{state_setval}()} for setting the state value and \code{\link{input_class}}.
+}
diff --git a/man/state_setval.Rd b/man/state_setval.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af1c4bd12499e7b8a41118ee7a780d31854fb7b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/state_setval.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/state_setval.R
+\name{state_setval}
+\alias{state_setval}
+\title{Set a state value to be kept for next the transformation function is called.}
+\usage{
+state_setval(val)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{val}{The value to set and kept for next call.}
+}
+\description{
+Set a state value to be kept for next the transformation function is called.
+}
+\details{
+Transformation functions (e.g. \code{\link{lp}}, \code{\link{fs}}, \code{\link{bspline}}) can need to keep a state value between calls, e.g. when new data arrives and must be transformed. This function is used to setting the state values set in last call to the function.
+
+Uses the \code{input_class$state_getval()}.
+}
+\examples{
+
+# See how it can be used in lp, which needs to save the state of the filter
+# Note how it is not needed to do anything else than getting and setting the state
+# in transformations (model$transform_data()), then multiple transformation functions can be called,
+# but they are always in the same order, so the state (set,get) functions keep a counter internally
+# to make sure that the correct values are set and returned when called again.
+lp
+
+
+}
+\seealso{
+\code{\link{state_setval}()} for setting the state value and \code{\link{input_class}}.
+}
diff --git a/man/step_optim.Rd b/man/step_optim.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a72de690f6fa0d7a8e853a36c131929a7b8c24c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/step_optim.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/step_optim.R
+\name{step_optim}
+\alias{step_optim}
+\title{Forward and backward model selection}
+\usage{
+step_optim(
+ modelfull,
+ data,
+ prm = list(NA),
+ kseq = NA,
+ direction = c("both", "backward", "forward", "backwardboth", "forwardboth"),
+ modelstart = NA,
+ keepinputs = FALSE,
+ optimfun = rls_optim,
+ fitfun = NA,
+ scorefun = rmse,
+ printout = FALSE,
+ mc.cores = getOption("mc.cores", 2L),
+ ...
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{modelfull}{The full forecastmodel containing all inputs which will be
+can be included in the selection.}
+
+\item{data}{The data.list which holds the data on which the model is fitted.}
+
+\item{prm}{A list of integer parameters to be stepped. Given using the same
+syntax as parameters for optimization, e.g. `list(I__degree = c(min=3,
+max=7))` will step the "degree" for input "I".}
+
+\item{kseq}{The horizons to fit for (if not set, then model$kseq is used)}
+
+\item{direction}{The direction to be used in the selection process.}
+
+\item{modelstart}{A forecastmodel. If it's set then it will be used as the
+selected model from the first step of the stepping. It should be a sub
+model of the full model.}
+
+\item{keepinputs}{If TRUE no inputs can be removed in a step, if FALSE then
+any input can be removed. If given as a character vector with names of
+inputs, then they cannot be removed in any step.}
+
+\item{optimfun}{The function which will carry out the optimization in each
+step.}
+
+\item{fitfun}{A fit function, should be the same as used in optimfun(). If
+provided, then the score is caculated with this function (instead of the
+one called in optimfun(), hence the default is rls_fit(), which is called
+in rls_optim()). Furthermore, information on complete cases are printed
+and returned.}
+
+\item{scorefun}{The score function used.}
+
+\item{mc.cores}{The mc.cores argument of mclapply. If debugging it can be
+nessecary to set it to 1 to stop execution.}
+
+\item{...}{Additional arguments which will be passed on to optimfun. For
+example control how many steps}
+}
+\value{
+A list with the result of each step:
+ - '$model' is the model selected in each step
+ - '$score' is the score for the model selected in each step
+ - '$optimresult' the result return by the the optimfun
+ - '$completecases' a logical vector (NA if fitfun argument is not given) indicating which time points were complete across all horizons and models for the particular step.
+}
+\description{
+Forward and backward model selection
+}
+\details{
+This function takes a model and carry out a model selection by stepping
+backward, forward or in both directions.
+
+Note that mclapply is used. In order to control the number of cores to use,
+then set it, e.g. to one core `options(mc.cores=1)`, which is needed for
+debugging to work.
+
+The full model containing all inputs must be given. In each step new models
+are generated, with either one removed input or one added input, and then all
+the generated models are optimized and their scores compared. If any new
+model have an improved score compared to the currently selected model, then
+the new is selected and the process is repeated until no new improvement is
+obtained.
+
+In addition to selecting inputs, then integer parameters can also be stepped
+through, e.g. the order of basis splined or the number of harmonics in
+Fourier series.
+
+The stepping process is different depending on the direction. In addition to
+the full model, a starting model can be given, then the selection process
+will start from that model.
+
+If the direction is "both", which is default (same as "backwardboth") then the
+stepping is:
+ - In first step inputs are removed one-by-one
+ - In following steps, inputs still in the model are removed one-by-one, and
+ inputs not in the model are added one-by-one
+
+If the direction is "backwards":
+ - Inputs are only removed in each step
+
+If the direction is "forwardboth":
+ - In the first step all inputs are removed
+ - In following steps (same as "both")
+
+If the direction is "forward":
+- In the first step all inputs are removed and from there inputs are only added
+
+
+For stepping through integer variables in the transformation stage, then
+these have to be set in the "prm" argument. The stepping process will follow
+the input selection described above.
+
+In case of missing values, especially in combination with auto-regressive
+models, it can be very important to make sure that only complete cases are
+included when calculating the score. By providing the `fitfun` argument then
+the score will be calculated using only the complete cases across horizons
+and models in each step, see the last examples.
+}
+\examples{
+
+
+# The data, just a rather short period to keep running times short
+D <- subset(Dbuilding, c("2010-12-15", "2011-02-01"))
+# Set the score period
+D$scoreperiod <- in_range("2010-12-22", D$t)
+#
+D$tday <- make_tday(D$t, 1:36)
+# Generate an input which is just random noise, i.e. should be removed in the selection
+set.seed(83792)
+D$noise <- make_input(rnorm(length(D$t)), 1:36)
+
+# The full model
+model <- forecastmodel$new()
+# Set the model output
+model$output = "heatload"
+# Inputs (transformation step)
+model$add_inputs(Ta = "Ta",
+ noise = "noise",
+ mu_tday = "fs(tday/24, nharmonics=5)",
+ mu = "one()")
+# Regression step parameters
+model$add_regprm("rls_prm(lambda=0.9)")
+# Optimization bounds for parameters
+model$add_prmbounds(lambda = c(0.9, 0.99, 0.9999))
+
+# Select a model, in the optimization just run it for a single horizon
+model$kseqopt <- 5
+#
+prm <- list(mu_tday__nharmonics = c(min=3, max=7))
+
+# Note the control argument, which is passed to optim, it's now set to few
+# Iterations in the prm optimization (MUST be increased in real applications)
+control <- list(maxit=1)
+
+# Run the default selection scheme, which is "both" (same as "backwardboth" if no start model is given)
+L <- step_optim(model, D, prm, control=control)
+
+# The optim value from each step is returned
+getse(L, "optimresult")
+getse(L,"score")
+
+# The final model
+L$final$model
+
+# Other selection schemes
+Lforward <- step_optim(model, D, prm, "forward", control=control)
+Lbackward <- step_optim(model, D, prm, "backward", control=control)
+Lbackwardboth <- step_optim(model, D, prm, "backwardboth", control=control)
+Lforwardboth <- step_optim(model, D, prm, "forwardboth", control=control, mc.cores=1)
+
+# It's possible avoid removing specified inputs
+L <- step_optim(model, D, prm, keepinputs = c("mu","mu_tday"), control=control)
+
+# Give a starting model
+modelstart <- model$clone_deep()
+modelstart$inputs[2:3] <- NULL
+L <- step_optim(model, D, prm, modelstart=modelstart, control=control)
+
+# If a fitting function is given, then it will be used for calculating the forecasts
+# ONLY on the complete cases in each step
+L1 <- step_optim(model, D, prm, fitfun=rls_fit, control=control)
+
+# The easiest way to conclude if missing values have an influence is to
+# compare the selection result running with and without
+L2 <- step_optim(model, D, prm, control=control)
+
+# Compare the selected models
+tmp1 <- capture.output(getse(L1, "model"))
+tmp2 <- capture.output(getse(L2, "model"))
+identical(tmp1, tmp2)
+
+
+# Note that caching can be really smart (the cache files are located in the
+# cachedir folder (folder in current working directory, can be removed with
+# unlink(foldername)) See e.g. `?rls_optim` for how the caching works
+# L <- step_optim(model, D, prm, "forward", cachedir="cache", cachererun=FALSE)
+
+}
diff --git a/man/subset.data.list.Rd b/man/subset.data.list.Rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d7be6629a20a10ca7ffad68641ee7ac41fa0d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/subset.data.list.Rd
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
+% Please edit documentation in R/data.list.R
+\name{subset.data.list}
+\alias{subset.data.list}
+\title{Take a subset of a data.list.}
+\usage{
+\method{subset}{data.list}(
+ x,
+ subset = NA,
+ nms = NA,
+ kseq = NA,
+ lagforecasts = FALSE,
+ pattern = NA,
+ ...
+)
+}
+\arguments{
+\item{x}{The data.list to take a subset of.}
+
+\item{subset}{Given as the integer indexes or a logical vector, or alternatively \code{c(tstart,tend)}, where tstart and tend are either as POSIX or characters.}
+
+\item{nms}{The names of the variables in \code{x} to be included.}
+
+\item{kseq}{The k horizons of forecasts to be included.}
+
+\item{lagforecasts}{Should the forecasts be lagged k steps (thus useful for plotting etc.).}
+
+\item{pattern}{Regex pattern applied to select the variables in x to be included.}
+
+\item{...}{Not implemented.}
+}
+\value{
+a data.list with the subset.
+}
+\description{
+Take a subset of a data.list.
+}
+\details{
+Different arguments can be given to select the subset. See the examples.
+}
+\examples{
+# Use the data.list with building heat load
+D <- Dbuilding
+# Take a subset for the example
+D <- subset(D, 1:10, nms=c("t","Taobs","Ta","Iobs","I"), kseq=1:3)
+
+# Take subset index 2:4
+subset(D, 2:4)
+
+# Take subset for a period
+subset(D, c("2010-12-15 02:00","2010-12-15 04:00"))
+
+# Cannot request a variable not there
+try(subset(D, nms=c("x","Ta")))
+
+# Take specific horizons
+subset(D, nms=c("I","Ta"), kseq = 1:2)
+subset(D, nms=c("I","Ta"), kseq = 1)
+
+# Lag the forecasts such that they are aligned in time with observations
+subset(D, nms=c("Taobs","Ta"), kseq = 2:3, lagforecasts = TRUE)
+
+# The order follows the order in nms
+subset(D, nms=c("Ta","I"), kseq = 2)
+
+# Return variables mathing a regex
+subset(D, kseq=2, pattern="^I")
+
+# Take data for Ta and lag the forecasts (good for plotting and fitting a model)
+X <- subset(Dbuilding, 1:1000, pattern="^Ta", kseq = 10, lagforecasts = TRUE)
+
+# A scatter plot between the forecast and the observations
+# (try lagforecasts = FALSE and see the difference)
+plot(X$Ta$k10, X$Taobs)
+
+# Fit a model for the 10-step horizon
+abline(lm(Taobs ~ Ta.k10, X), col=2)
+
+}